Photo: Lisa Fotios

Can a fire go on forever?

Most eternal flames are ignited and tended intentionally, but some are natural phenomena caused by natural gas leaks, peat fires and coal seam fires, all of which can be initially ignited by lightning, piezoelectricity or human activity, some of which have burned for hundreds or thousands of years.

en.wikipedia.org - Eternal flame - Wikipedia

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Continuously burning fire or lamp

For the concept in the work of J.R.R. Tolkien, see Flame Imperishable

An eternal flame is a flame, lamp or torch that burns for an indefinite time. Most eternal flames are ignited and tended intentionally, but some are natural phenomena caused by natural gas leaks, peat fires and coal seam fires, all of which can be initially ignited by lightning, piezoelectricity or human activity, some of which have burned for hundreds or thousands of years. In ancient times, eternal flames were fueled by wood or olive oil;[citation needed] modern examples usually use a piped supply of propane or natural gas. Human-created eternal flames most often commemorate a person or event of national significance, serve as a symbol of an enduring nature such as a religious belief, or a reminder of commitment to a common goal, such as diplomacy.

Religious and cultural significance [ edit ]

The eternal fire is a long-standing tradition in many cultures and religions. In ancient Iran the atar was tended by a dedicated priest and represented the concept of "divine sparks" or Amesha Spenta, as understood in Zoroastrianism. Period sources indicate that three "great fires" existed in the Achaemenid era of Persian history, which are collectively considered the earliest reference to the practice of creating ever-burning community fires.[1] The eternal flame was a component of the Jewish religious rituals performed in the Tabernacle and later in the Temple in Jerusalem, where a commandment required a fire to burn continuously upon the Outer Altar.[2] Modern Judaism continues a similar tradition by having a sanctuary lamp, the ner tamid, always lit above the ark in the synagogue. After World War II, such flames gained further meaning, as a reminder of the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust. The Cherokee Nation maintained a fire at the seat of government until ousted by the Indian Removal Act in 1830. At that time, embers from the last great council fire were carried west to the nation's new home in the Oklahoma Territory. The flame, maintained in Oklahoma, was carried back to the last seat of the Cherokee government at Red Clay State Park in south-eastern Tennessee, to the Museum of the Cherokee Indian in Cherokee, North Carolina, and to the Cherokee Nation Tribal Complex in Talequah, Oklahoma.[3] In China, it has at times been common to establish an eternally lit lamp as a visible aspect of ancestor veneration; it is set in front of a spirit tablet on the family's ancestral altar.[4]

Extinguished flames [ edit ]

Prismatically broken eternal flame at World War II memorial in East Berlin

Current man-made eternal flames [ edit ]

Europe [ edit ]

Belarus [ edit ]

Minsk, at the Victory Square, lit in 1961

Baranovichi, at the memorial of the fallen during the Great Patriotic War, lit in 1964.

Belgium [ edit ]

Bosnia and Herzegovina [ edit ]

Sarajevo, the Sarajevo eternal flame (Vječna vatra), in memory of the military and civilian victims of the Second World War

Bulgaria [ edit ]

Croatia [ edit ]

Zagreb, in front of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in memory of the police officers killed in the Croatian War of Independence Sisak, in Dr. Franjo Tuđman Park, in front of city market and swimming pool, in memory of soldiers fallen in the Croatian War of Independence

France [ edit ]

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Paris, under the archway at the Arc de Triomphe, which has burned continuously since 1921, in memory of all who died in World War I.

Arras, at the Notre Dame de Lorette war memorial.

Germany [ edit ]

Hungary [ edit ]

Budapest, in Kossuth Square, commemorating the revolutionaries of the 1956 uprising against control by the Soviet Union

Ireland [ edit ]

Italy [ edit ]

Madonna del Ghisallo, near Lake Como, for all cyclists who have died

Rome, on the Altare della Patria, for the Unknown Soldier

Latvia [ edit ]

The eternal flame at Brothers' Cemetery, Riga, Latvia

Riga, at Brothers' Cemetery or Cemetery of the Brethren (Brāļu Kapi), a military cemetery and national monument memorializing thousands of Latvian soldiers who were killed between 1915 and 1920 in World War I and the Latvian War of Independence. The memorial was built between 1924 and 1936, and designed by sculptor Kārlis Zāle.

Lithuania [ edit ]

Kaunas, at the Tomb of Unknown Soldier, in the Square of Unity in front of the Vytautas the Great War Museum.

Luxembourg [ edit ]

Luxembourg, near the Place du Saint-Esprit, in memory of all Luxembourgers fallen in World War II.

Malta [ edit ]

Floriana, inaugurated in 2012. Two eternal flames are placed beside the War Memorial, dedicated to all the Maltese dead of World War I and World War II.[12]

Moldova [ edit ]

Chișinău, a flame dedicated to Chișinău's unknown soldiers who died in World War II at the Eternity Memorial Complex.

Netherlands [ edit ]

Norway [ edit ]

Poland [ edit ]

Portugal [ edit ]

Russia [ edit ]

Eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow

Serbia [ edit ]

Spain [ edit ]

Switzerland [ edit ]

Transnistria [ edit ]

Tiraspol, a flame dedicated to losses of the War of Transnistria.

Ukraine [ edit ]

United Kingdom [ edit ]

London, at the New Scotland Yard. The flame commemorates, as the inscription notes, "those who have lost their lives in the service of the Metropolitan Police". Liverpool, at the Anfield stadium, in memorial to those who died in the Hillsborough disaster

North America [ edit ]

Canada [ edit ]

United States [ edit ]

Eternal flame war memorial in Bowman, South Carolina

Mexico [ edit ]

The Column of Independence, México City in memory of the heroes of the Mexican Independence War

Nicaragua [ edit ]

Tomb of Carlos Fonseca in the Central Park of Managua.

South America [ edit ]

Pira da Liberdade, Brazilian eternal flame, in The, Brazilian eternal flame, in São Paulo

Argentina [ edit ]

In the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. It was lit on August 17, 1947 to honor the tomb of General José de San Martín, whose remains rest inside it; and the soldiers who fought and perished in the wars for Argentina, Chile and Perú's independence from the Spanish crown.

In the National Flag Memorial (Argentina) in Rosario, Santa Fe.

In the 'Monument to the dead of the Malvinas War' (Caidos en Malvinas) in Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires.

Brazil [ edit ]

In the Independence Park, São Paulo, the Pira da Liberdade marks the site of the independence of Brazil marks the site of the independence of Brazil Outside the Pantheon of Fatherland and Freedom, Tancredo Neves, Brasília, on top of a tower built on the diagonal, burns an eternal flame which represents the freedom of the people and the country's independence.

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In São Sepé, central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Boqueirão Ranch has a shed that houses a fire that has been lit since the shed was built in 1800. The Simões Pires family, in its sixth generation, currently maintains the bonfire still lit today.[22]

Chile [ edit ]

Colombia [ edit ]

In the Battle of Boyacá Memorial in Boyacá.

Venezuela [ edit ]

In the Battle of Carabobo Memorial in Carabobo.

Australia [ edit ]

Eternal flame at the Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Asia [ edit ]

Armenia [ edit ]

Yerevan, in the center of the Armenian Genocide Memorial

Azerbaijan [ edit ]

Bangladesh [ edit ]

Dhaka, at the Swadhinata Stambha commentating the martyrs of the Bangladesh Liberation War and the precise location of the signing of the Instrument of Surrender.

Georgia [ edit ]

Tbilisi, at the roundabout and underpass of Hero's Square

India [ edit ]

Raj Ghat, Delhi

Indonesia [ edit ]

Israel [ edit ]

Japan [ edit ]

Peace Flame at the Peace Memorial Museum in Hiroshima, Japan

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, to remain lit until all nuclear weapons in the world are abolished[28]

Kazakhstan [ edit ]

Almaty, the Monument to the Unknown Soldier (from Soviet times)

Kyrgyzstan [ edit ]

Bishkek eternal flame

Bishkek, the Victory (Pobedy) Monument on Victory Square

Nepal [ edit ]

Eternal Peace Flame Lumbini, birthplace of Gautama Buddha,[29] since 1986.

Philippines [ edit ]

New Design/BSP series Philippine 1000- An eternal flame is featured on thePhilippine 1000- peso bill.

Eternal Flame of Freedom in Corregidor

Eternal Flame on the grave of former president Ferdinand Marcos in the Libingan ng mga Bayani in Taguig City

South Korea [ edit ]

At the Peace Gate at Olympic Park, Seoul, South Korea

Turkmenistan [ edit ]

Türkmenbaşy, the Victory Monument

Africa [ edit ]

Kenya [ edit ]

Nairobi, Kenya: The Eternal Flame of Uhuru Gardens

Ghana [ edit ]

Accra, Ghana: The Eternal Flame of African Liberation

Zimbabwe [ edit ]

Harare, Zimbabwe: An eternal flame burns atop the Kopje to commemorate independence.

South Africa [ edit ]

Pretoria, South Africa: An eternal flame burns in the Voortrekker Monument, since 1938. Johannesburg, South Africa: The flame of democracy burns on Constitution Hill, since 2011. Cape Town, South Africa: The Flame of Remembrance for the fallen soldiers and heroes of the struggle burns at the Parliament