Photo: Nicola Barts

Can we stop aging?

That's because even if you manage to dodge any illnesses, there's ultimately no escaping old age. “Longevity is a side effect of health,” de Grey says. “If we can keep people healthy, then their likelihood of dying is reduced.”

webmd.com - Is There a Cure for Aging? - WebMD.com

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One major hallmark of aging is the growing stockpile of these senescent cells. Damaged cells become deactivated as a way to protect your body from harmful or uncontrolled cell division. But like the rotten apple that spoils the whole bunch, senescent cells encourage their neighbors to turn dysfunctional, too. They also emit proteins that trigger inflammation. Your body naturally removes these dormant cells. But older immune systems have a harder time cleaning up, so the senescent cells are more likely to hang around. Flushing out this accumulated debris may be one way to avert aging, some experts say.

De Grey also believes that could be done with drugs.

“These therapies would actually repair [cellular] damage,” he says. “They’ll eliminate damage from the body by resetting or turning back the clock.” James Kirkland, MD, PhD, of the Mayo Clinic is one researcher exploring this theory. He gave a mixture of the cancer drug dasatinib and a plant pigment called quercetin to people with diabetic kidney disease. Quercetin is an antioxidant that gives grapes, tomatoes, and other fruits and vegetables their flavor. A small phase I clinical trial showed that the dasatinib-quercetin combination got rid of senescent cells in the tissues of people with the disease. The researchers don’t know yet if the results will translate into prolonged youth. They also don’t know how high a dosage is needed and what long-term problems the treatment might cause. People with chronic leukemia take dasatinib for years with few serious ill effects. In another recent study, scientists used oxygen therapy to tackle senescent cells. Thirty-five adults ages 64 and older received oxygen therapy in a pressurized chamber. After 60 daily sessions, they showed a decrease in senescent cells and improvement to the length of DNA segments called telomeres. Shortened segments of telomeres are thought to be another marker of aging. Researchers are also looking to the gene editing technology CRISPR for anti-aging treatments, but the testing is only in mice so far. Barzilai hopes that if the metformin trial succeeds, it will open the floodgates to a wave of new drugs that can stop or reverse human aging. Some of the major players in this field include Juvenescence, AgeX Therapeutics, LyGenesis, and Life Biosciences, which Barzilai founded. “Until aging is seen as preventable, health plans won’t have to pay for this type of treatment,” he says. And if health plans won’t cover aging, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to invest in drug development. That may be the only thing standing between humans and unprecedented lifespans. The Census Bureau projects that Americans born in 2060 should live an average of 85.6 years, up from 78.7 years in 2018. De Grey’s prediction tops that mark by a factor of about 50. He believes that the life expectancy for someone born in 2100 may well be 5,000 years.

Barzilai, for his part, has a prediction that’s seemingly more modest.

“We die at 80. Getting an additional 35 years is relatively low-hanging fruit,” he says. “But I don’t believe that is a fixed limit.”

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Is survival selfish or smart?

Survival is not selfish because it is considered a natural instinct, imperative to one 's life, and it helps to go on to and save peoples lives. To some, survival is considered a “natural instinct,” and it comes naturally to one, so when faced with a dangerous situation we often tend to go to refer to this.

ipl.org - Survival Essay: Is Survival Selfish? | ipl.org

Survival Essay: Is Survival Selfish? 1199 Words 5 Pages

Is Survival Selfish? “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change” (Darwin). When pondering about the question if survival is selfish or not it comes with varied reactions and answers. Some may say “survival of the fittest (metaphor),” but is that really true? Not necessarily, it takes common sense, and how you react to determine how the situation will end. In survival situations, people act out in different ways depending on how one grew up. Faced with threatening situations so may act out in the “fight or flight” mode and others may instantly freeze and tense up and don 't know how to comprehend what is going on. Survival is not selfish because it is considered a natural instinct, imperative to one 's life, and it helps to go on to and save peoples lives. To some, survival is considered a “natural instinct,” and it comes naturally to one, so when faced with a dangerous situation we often tend to go to refer to this. For example, during “The 1972 Andes Flight Disaster,” some of the people that survived only did it by “collectively making a decision to eat flesh from the bodies of their dead comrades, beginning with the pilot” (CommonLit staff 7) If some people wouldn 't have done this, everyone would have died and that would make this horrifying tragedy even worse than it was. According to the story, Is Survival Selfish?, “Self- preservation is supposedly an instinct” (Wallace 317).

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