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Does sugar go out of date?

"Technically sugar never spoils," explain food safety experts from the US Department of Agriculture's Food Service and Inspection Service, though they do add, "for best quality it is recommended to use within two years of opening."

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I've lived my life under the assumption that all food, even the shelf-stable pantry staples that you buy once and let sit in your cabinet for years, eventually spoils. But that's not always true, especially when it comes to the shelf life of sugar. According to Domino Sugar, "Sugar, properly stored (tightly closed and in a dry place), has an indefinite shelf life." That doesn't seem possible, but it's true, not just some manufacturer's promise. "Technically sugar never spoils," explain food safety experts from the US Department of Agriculture's Food Service and Inspection Service, though they do add, "for best quality it is recommended to use within two years of opening."

But how is that even possible? Why does sugar never spoil, even though white, granulated sugar seems like it would be a perfect breeding ground for bugs, mold, and bacteria?

It turns out that like salt, sugar prevents microbial growth. That's part of the reason jams and jellies have such high sugar content; it's an effective way to preserve the fruit. As Mickey Parish, chair of the Nutrition and Food Science Department at the University of Maryland, writes in Scientific American, sugar prevents bacteria from growing because of osmosis, or dehydration. "This has the effect of drawing available water from within the food to the outside and inserting salt or sugar molecules into the food interior," he explains. That tendency for sugar to dehydrate means that there just isn't enough water for most microbial colonies to thrive in high-sugar environments—like the bag of sugar sitting on your pantry shelf. But the quality of sugar can still deteriorate if you don't store it properly. Sugar absorbs smells easily. And just because sugar isn't going to grow bacteria doesn't mean it's not susceptible to bugs (and believe me when I say there's nothing more skin-crawling than worrying if you're accidentally eating ants in your pancakes). That's why you want to store sugar in an opaque, airtight, and moisture-proof container on a cool, dark shelf in your kitchen.

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What is the most popular meat in Hawaii?

More than any other meat, pork has a big place on Hawaiian tables. Pua'a (pigs) were part of the original bounty that voyagers brought to Hawaii more than 800 years ago. Kalua pork is one of the biggest, most time-consuming and most important parts of a traditional luau.

Hawaiian food comes in many different shapes and sizes. Some of it is a reflection of the ancient cultures and traditions that the original Polynesian voyagers brought with them to create the backbone of Hawaiian history and culture. Canoe plants — along with the ocean’s bounty — have set Hawaii up for endless generations to be able to eat off of the ‘aina (land) and from the sea, as long as everyone practices their kuleana (responsibility) to care for them. Food also reflects the waves of different people and industries that took root in the Islands. As each new group introduced their own cuisines and products, many took hold and became their own Hawaiian version of the dish. Though the sugarcane and pineapple plantations of the 19th and 20th centuries are no longer dominant monocrop offerings, their influence on Hawaii’s food history is everlasting thanks to the outside labor brought in to help in the fields. Korea, Japan, Puerto Rico and other countries have huge influences on what people in Hawaii eat to this day. It’s the fusion of traditional and new, of authentically Polynesian and uniquely foreign, of ancient methods and contemporary ones coming together to feed our ‘ōpū (stomach) and our soul with ono grinds and nurturing dishes that illustrate not only where Hawaii has been, but also where it can go in the future.

Here are some key Hawaiian staples to be on the lookout for.

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