How big is a 1.0 earthquake?

An ML 1.0 earthquake releases a similar amount of seismic energy as a typical quarry blast. An ML 5.0 earthquake releases about the same seismic energy as a 10,000 tonne equivalent nuclear blast, such as that used at Hiroshima.

src.com.au - Earthquake Size - Seismology Research Centre

How to grow 50k fast?

Here are ten ways to invest 50k. Invest With a Robo Advisor. One of the easiest ways to start investing is with a robo advisor. ... Individual...

Last updated Mar 9, 2018

How long should a person fast to lose weight?

According to some researchers, fasting for 10–16 hours can cause the body to turn its fat stores into energy, which releases ketones into the...

Last updated Jul 27, 2021

Promotion

The Size of Earthquakes

Earthquakes vary enormously in the amount of energy released, over a range exceeding a million million. It is not possible to measure the energy release directly, so it must be computed from measurements of the amplitude of the ground vibrations.

Earthquake Magnitude

The most common method of describing the size of an earthquake is the Richter magnitude scale, ML. This takes the logarithm of the ground displacement as measured by a seismograph, and applies a correction which varies with the distance from the earthquake to the seismograph. This means that for each unit of magnitude there is a tenfold increase in ground displacement. Because larger earthquakes last longer than small earthquakes, there is about a thirty-fold increase in seismic energy release for each unit increase in magnitude. An ML 1.0 earthquake releases a similar amount of seismic energy as a typical quarry blast. An ML 5.0 earthquake releases about the same seismic energy as a 10,000 tonne equivalent nuclear blast, such as that used at Hiroshima.The Richter magnitude scale can only be used when seismographs are within 600 km of the earthquake. For greater distances, other magnitude scales have been defined. While not exactly the same as the original Richter magnitude, they give values that can range from less than 0.0 to over 9.0. For example, the surface wave magnitude, MS, is often used for large distant earthquakes. Most of these scales saturate at some magnitude and do not properly represent earthquake size for larger events. For example, the ML scale saturates over ML 6.0, while the MS scale can be used to about MS 8.0. The most modern scale is the moment magnitude scale MW, which can be used for a wide range of magnitudes and distances. This has been defined so that the numerical value is close to ML for earthquakes up to magnitude 6.0, and close to MS for magnitudes 6.0 to 8.0. The very largest earthquakes, such as experienced in Chile in 1960 or Alaska in 1964, can reach magnitudes larger than MW 9.0.

Fault Dimensions

The area of a fault that ruptures in a particular earthquake correlates with the magnitude of the earthquake. Typical fault rupture dimensions are as follows: Magnitude Mw Fault Area km² Typical rupture dimensions (km x km) 4 1 1 x 1 5 10 3 x 3 6 100 10 x 10 7 1,000 30 x 30 8 10,000 50 x 200 The rupture displacement in an earthquake is typically about 1/20,000 of the rupture length. For example, a 1 km long rupture from an Mw 4.0 event has a displacement of about 1km/20,000, or 0.05 metres. A magnitude Mw 8.0 earthquake with a rupture length of 100 km may give a displacement of a few metres. The rupture velocity is about 3 km/s, so the rupture duration in seconds is given by fault length in kilometres divided by 3. For example, a 1 km long rupture from an Mw 4.0 event will occur in 1km/3, or one third of a second. A magnitude Mw 8.0 earthquake with a rupture length of 100 km may take 100/3 or over thirty seconds to rupture. THESE FIGURES ARE ALL APPROXIMATE AND WILL VARY FROM EARTHQUAKE TO EARTHQUAKE, DEPENDING ON THE FOCAL MECHANISM AND STRESS DROP.

Can bugs get into unopened cereal boxes?

Pantry pests are most likely to infest products that have been opened but they also can get into unopened paper, thin cardboard, and plastic, foil...

Last updated Mar 4, 2022

What do you learn in survival school?

Not only will you learn useful bushcraft, modern survival, primitive living, and mental skills that can help you survive unexpected situations, but...

Last updated Jan 4, 2022

Promotion

Which part of the body is not important?

Some human body parts have become useless over the past few million years. Useless body parts include the appendix, the tail bone, and the muscle fibers that produce goose bumps.

businessinsider.com - 9 useless body parts that humans no longer need - Business Insider

Some human body parts have become useless over the past few million years. Useless body parts include the appendix, the tail bone, and the muscle fibers that produce goose bumps. Top editors give you the stories you want — delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Loading Something is loading. Thanks for signing up! Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. download the app Email address By clicking ‘Sign up’, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider as well as other partner offers and accept our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy Some human body parts serve no purpose despite once having a specific function among our ancestors. The appendix, for example, is not an essential body part (though some research suggests it may act as storage for good bacteria). In some cases, the appendix gets inflamed or ruptures, which requires surgical removal of the organ. Several other body parts used to be important for humans' survival, but they have since become useless. Some of them can be removed, and the absence of them does not lower people's quality of life. Business Insider spoke with Dorsa Amir, an evolutionary anthropologist at Boston College, to learn more about what she calls "evolutionary leftovers." Amir said that if a trait becomes no longer useful but remains harmless to humans, then it tags along for the evolutionary ride. Take a look at nine body parts that remained in the human body despite having no function for millions of years.