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How does it help in understanding human needs and aspirations?

Understanding these needs are important because they help to uncover what drives humans and what makes them want to achieve certain things in life. This understanding is necessary to lay a strong foundation for creating user experiences that meet user needs rather than the user wants.

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Humans are motivated to satisfy their physiological and psychological needs as a part of their survival. Understanding these needs are important because they help to uncover what drives humans and what makes them want to achieve certain things in life. This understanding is necessary to lay a strong foundation for creating user experiences that meet user needs rather than the user wants.

Two prominent personalities have significantly contributed to help us understand human needs.

Abraham Harold Maslow, an American psychologist, creator of “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs”

Artur Manfred Max Neef, a Chilean economist of German descent, creator of “Taxonomy of fundamental human needs and human-scale development” “Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs” is a five-level architecture depicted as a pyramid. The levels from the bottom upwards are physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. According to Maslow, the lower levels need to be satisfied first before humans can attend to higher needs. In other words, without satisfying these basic needs for food humans cannot think about safety factors. He needs to stay alive to even think about anything further. This way a human climbs up the ladder of life after successfully meeting each level of the pyramid. Maslow’s theory brings a sense of order to the chaos of human behavior. But it does not recognize cultural and individual differences in humans. For example, an old homeless person may remain satisfied if provided food and shelter for the rest of his life. In the current times due to cultural and individual differences, we do not know the level of human satisfaction it takes to move up the pyramid, we can gain powerful insights from another interesting theory. “Neef’s Fundamental Human Needs” focuses on the satisfaction of human needs which are subsistence(ability to support oneself), protection, affection, understanding, participation, recreation(in the sense of leisure, time to reflect, or idleness), creation, identity, and freedom. These needs are constant through all human cultures and across historical time periods. What changes over time and between cultures is the way these needs are satisfied. It is important to understand that human needs are interrelated and influence each other. These two theories give us different perspectives on human needs. Design ideas keep shape-shifting according to the satisfiers of needs, hence it's important that we are open-minded and see which is best for the given situation.

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