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Daily Truvada (tenofovir/emtricitabine) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV takes five to seven days to reach top estimated effectiveness among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIVandHepatitis.com reports. High levels of protection are maintained for perhaps a week after the last dose.
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Read More »Daily Truvada (tenofovir/emtricitabine) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV takes five to seven days to reach top estimated effectiveness among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIVandHepatitis.com reports. High levels of protection are maintained for perhaps a week after the last dose. Publishing their findings in Clinical Infectious Diseases, researchers conducted a pharmacokinetic study of Truvada in which they gave Truvada to 11 HIV-negative men and 10 women for 30 days. (Such studies investigate how a drug is metabolized.) The researchers measured drug levels of the medication at days 1, 3, 7, 20, 30, 35, 45 and 60. They took one rectal biopsy sample from each participant two hours after the first dose. Nineteen of the participants completed all the study visits. Participants apparently adhered to the daily dosing schedule at a rate of 99 percent, according to pill counts, self-reports and a dosing calendar. According to levels of drug detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and comparisons of those results to drug levels estimated in previous research to correspond to varying degrees of protection against HIV, one day on PrEP led to a 75 to 91 risk reduction, three days meant a 95 to 97 percent risk reduction, and five and seven days translated to a 98 to 99 percent risk reduction. The presumed risk reduction stayed higher than 90 percent for seven days after the last dose. Although the study included female participants, it was not meant to estimate how well PrEP dosing protects them or other groups, just MSM. The iPrEx study used as the reference point for Truvada’s effectiveness at various concentrations in PBMCs was only conducted among MSM and trans women. This research does not apply to intercourse-based dosing schedules, as seen in the ongoing IPERGAY trial, in which people only take Truvada in the days surrounding sex. (A major difference in such a dosing strategy is that it starts with a double dose. This study only looked at taking one pill per day.) A crucial outstanding question about PrEP’s effectiveness after stopping Truvada is how long HIV remains in the body if it is, for example, deposited in the rectum through semen. According to the researchers, “There appears to be little consensus on this issue given that several variables may affect the HIV clearance process.” Regardless of their findings that PrEP remained quite effective for days after stopping, the researchers still advise starting PrEP about a week before the first possible exposure to HIV and staying on Truvada for four weeks after the last potential exposure.
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Read More »Plan on eating about every three hours, with either six small meals a day or three main meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and snacks in between.
What’s the key to making sure your eating plan stays on track? Always have plenty of healthy options on hand. You don’t have to be training for a competition to be the type of person who plans out their food choices. Knowing exactly what extra ingredients are in that chicken dish or how much fat goes into the salad dressing can go a long way toward helping keep your calories in check and your macros in line with your goals. In fact, research from Johns Hopkins University found that subjects who cooked their own dinner six to seven times a week consumed fewer calories, fat, and sugar on an average day compared with those who only cooked dinner once a week or less. Having your food ready to eat when hunger hits will also keep you from bingeing on snacks or prepackaged convenience food. As both a nutritionist and an IFBB figure pro, I not only encourage my clients to organize their meal prep in advance—I also practice what I preach. Here are my top tips for keeping your menus on track and your body adequately fueled.
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