How long can untreated water be stored?

Although properly stored public-supply water should have an indefinite shelf life, replace it every 6 to 12 months for best taste. If the water you are storing comes from a private well, spring, or other untested source, purify it before storage to kill pathogens (see below).

edis.ifas.ufl.edu - Preparing and Storing an Emergency Safe Drinking Water Supply

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The purpose of this fact sheet is to emphasize the importance of having a personal safe drinking water supply during an emergency and to describe the steps that Florida's citizens should take to prepare and store drinking water. The best strategy for an impending emergency is to collect and store a personal safe water supply, which includes water for drinking, food preparation, and personal hygiene. During a natural disaster, normal drinking water supplies can quickly become contaminated without notice. Humans can survive a scarcity of food for weeks but cannot go without water for more than a few days. Occasionally, Florida is affected by severe weather systems like hurricanes, floods, or other natural disasters. In their wake, people can be left without electric power and/or running water for days or weeks at a time. Example: A four-person household requiring 1.5 gallons per person per day for 3 days would need to store 4 x 1.5 x 3 = 18 gallons. You should store a minimum 3-day supply of water. If you have the space for it, consider storing a two-week supply. You should store enough clean water to allow each person in the household to use 1 to 1.5 gallons per day. Increase the amount stored if there are children, sick people, and/or nursing mothers in the home.If you have pets, store a quart to a gallon per pet per day, depending on its size. If your normal water source becomes unavailable or if you are unsure about its fitness to drink, you will need an alternative clean water supply for drinking, preparing food, and personal hygiene. Avoid using bleach containers for drinking water storage because they are not made of food-grade plastic. Water stored in them to use for washing could mistakenly be used for drinking, with serious consequences. Avoid using milk containers because they can be hard to clean. Bacteria can grow quickly in a milk container, contaminating the water stored in it. However, if there is no alternative, special care should be taken when sanitizing these containers. Next, sanitize containers with a solution of 1 teaspoon of non-scented household bleach per quart of water. Close the container tightly and shake well, making sure that the bleach solution touches all of the internal surfaces of the container. Let the container sit for 30 seconds and pour the solution out. First, wash the inside and outside of each container with soap and hot water.

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Water should be stored before a disaster occurs, in thoroughly sanitized food-grade plastic or glass containers with tight-fitting lids. Food-grade plastic containers will not transfer harmful chemicals into the water or food they contain. Examples include containers previously used to store beverages, like 2-liter soft drink bottles, juice bottles or containers made specifically to hold drinking water. If you are going to purchase a container to store water, make sure it is labeled food-grade or food-safe. If the water you are storing comes from a private well, spring, or other untested source, purify it before storage to kill pathogens (see below). Although properly stored public-supply water should have an indefinite shelf life, replace it every 6 to 12 months for best taste. If your drinking water comes from a public supply, no chemical disinfectant is needed. An exception is if an emergency "boil water" notice has been given, in which case you would need to disinfect the water before storing it (see below). Water can also be stored in a freezer. Frozen water provides the added benefit of helping to keep frozen food cold for a longer time if power is out for an extended period. Use only plastic containers to store water in a freezer, as glass may not be able to withstand the pressure of expanding ice. Store water away from gasoline, kerosene, pesticides, or similar substances because vapors from these materials can penetrate plastic. Direct heat and light can slowly damage plastic containers, resulting in eventual leakage, so they should be stored in a dark, cool, and dry place. After containers have been filled with clean water, mark them with the words "Drinking Water" and indicate the date of storage.

Use water from opened containers within 1 to 2 days if possible.

To minimize exposure to bacteria, open a container just before use and then refrigerate it if power is available. If no refrigeration is available, keep the container up high, away from children and pets. Sometimes the appearance of water can be a reason for concern. If water appears murky or has a foul taste or smell, it is likely that it is contaminated. Do not consume this water; use an alternative clean source instead. If there is any possibility that your water source has been contaminated, do not use it for drinking, preparing food, making ice (if you have electricity), or brushing teeth. If you have any open cuts or wounds, do not use it for bathing.

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If your drinking water comes from a public supply and a "boil water order" has not been issued, you can assume that it is safe to drink.

How can water be purified (disinfected)?

Boiling Water

Boiling water is the most effective way to destroy potential pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. Water boiled continuously for 3 to 4 minutes can be stored in a suitable container at room temperature. Aeration can improve the flat taste of boiled water. Aerate water by transferring water back and forth from one container to another. You can also add a pinch of salt for each quart of boiled water to improve its taste.

Chemical Treatments

Chemical treatments like chlorination and iodine tablets are also popular ways to purify water. Chlorinate water using basic household bleach (5%–6% sodium hypochlorite) that is unscented and free of any other cleaner or color-safe component. The table below represents the recommended amount of bleach to be used to disinfect water. After mixing in the bleach, let the water stand for 30 minutes. If the water is cloudy after 30 minutes, repeat the chlorination procedure once. Iodine tablets will eradicate heat-resistant pathogens. Iodine purification is more convenient and faster than chlorination, but it has limitations.

Distillation and Filtration

Distillation and filtration are newer procedures compared with boiling. In these cases, water is treated physically rather than chemically. Distillation involves collection of vapor from boiling water followed by condensation back to a liquid. The condensed water does not contain any impurities that may have been in the raw water. The "flat" taste of distilled water can be improved by aerating it. Filtration is a simple process where water is passed through a filter to remove impurities. Mechanical filters like strainers and sediment filters are effective in removing debris and some suspended solids.

Reverse Osmosis

edis.ifas.ufl.edu - Preparing and Storing an Emergency Safe Drinking Water Supply

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