Photo: Jan Kroon

How long do 9.0 earthquakes last?

A magnitude 9.0 earthquake can last for five minutes or longer, and the amount of energy released is about 1,000 times greater than that of a 7.0. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the most powerful quakes could leave few if any masonry buildings standing, destroy bridges and toss objects into the air.

opb.org - What Is A 9.0 Earthquake? - OPB

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Monday, January 26, marks 315 years since a major Cascadia Subduction Zone earthquake shook Oregon. Geologists believe that quake was around a magnitude 9.0 — and that another one is looming for the region. Understanding the level of destruction associated with these types of temblors makes it clear why geologists are so concerned.

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What is a subduction zone earthquake?

A subduction zone is a large area where two plates of the Earth's crust meet and one is forced under the other. The plates sliding past each other cause extreme amounts of force to build up as friction restricts the movement. When the amount of force built up exceeds the friction holding it back, the plates slide past each other, causing the ground to rumble. Subduction zone earthquakes typically break across a much larger area than fault-line "bullseye" quakes (like the San Andreas), and can affect an area hundreds of miles long.

How do we know the subduction zone exists here?

Mostly because of geological data left behind by subduction zone earthquakes, known as megathrust earthquakes. Subduction zones are the only type of plate meeting that can cause earthquakes greater than magnitude 8.5, according to the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. The last one off the Oregon coast happened January 26, 1700.

Why do scientists worry that we'll have a 9.0 earthquake off the Oregon Coast?

Geological evidence shows that earthquakes at or near a magnitude 9.0 have been happening along the Cascadia Subduction Zone for thousands of years. Scientists have even been able to figure out how often they happen along the fault section that spans the Oregon Coast — an average of every 234 years. Since the last one happened 315 years ago, Oregon is due for a major event. A timeline of documented earthquakes along the Cascadia Subduction Zone throughout history. Oregon State University and DOGAMI

How is a 9.0 different from a 6.0, or a 7.0?

There is a significant difference in the damage caused by a magnitude 9.0 earthquake and a more common magnitude 6.0 or 7.0. In the latter, the shaking does not last as long and it may only damage poorly built structures. Sometimes a magnitude 7.0 earthquake can be strong enough to damage earthquake-resistant structures, however. A magnitude 9.0 earthquake can last for five minutes or longer, and the amount of energy released is about 1,000 times greater than that of a 7.0. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the most powerful quakes could leave few if any masonry buildings standing, destroy bridges and toss objects into the air.

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Where do 70% of all earthquake occur at?

The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. The majority of Earth's volcanoes and earthquakes take place along the Ring of Fire.

nationalgeographic.org - Ring of Fire | National Geographic Society

The Ring of Fire, also referred to as the Circum-Pacific Belt, is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Its length is approximately 40,000 kilometers (24,900 miles). It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates—including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates. Seventy-five percent of Earth’s volcanoes—more than 450 volcanoes—are located along the Ring of Fire. Ninety percent of Earth’s earthquakes occur along its path, including the planet’s most violent and dramatic seismic events. The abundance of volcanoes and earthquakes along the Ring of Fire is caused by the amount of movement of tectonic plates in the area. Along much of the Ring of Fire, plates overlap at convergent boundaries called subduction zones. That is, the plate that is underneath is pushed down, or subducted, by the plate above. As rock is subducted, it melts and becomes magma. The abundance of magma so near to Earth’s surface gives rise to conditions ripe for volcanic activity. A significant exception is the border between the Pacific and North American Plates. This stretch of the Ring of Fire is a transform boundary, where plates move sideways past one another. This type of boundary generates a large number of earthquakes as tension in Earth’s crust builds up and is released.

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