What are 5 things we need more of in life?

One of the first things that every society needs to do is to provide the big 5, Food, Water, Shelter, Energy and Education. All Five are equally important and all five are connected.

basicknowledge101.com - The 5 Things That Every Human Needs to Live - Basic Knowledge 101

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Promotion

The Big 5

Subsistence

Protection

Opportunity

Freedom

Participation

Creation

Understanding

Affection

Leisure

Identity

Essential

economic bill of rights

Quality of Life - Standard of Living

The Good Life

Amenities

Creature Comforts

Comfort

Low Standard of Living

High Standard of Living

Freedom to Explore and Develop

Fulfillment

Self-Fulfillment

upward mobility

pursue their own economic interests

Testable Laws of Nature on Planet Earth:

broad outline of national objectives and programs

ALICE

Pillars of Development

Pillar

4 Pillars of Human Development

The New Deal - 1933

1933

relief

recovery

reform

The Emergency Conservation Work Act of 1933

CCC,

1933 to 1942

CCC

Fair Deal - 1945

1945

Great Society - 1964

36th president

served in all elected offices at the federal level

born on August 27, 1908

Major legislation LBJ signed:

Green New Deal - 2019

March 25, 2019

Build Back Better Act - 2021

117th Congress

American Rescue Plan

American Jobs Plan

American Families Plan

Revised Version:

The Big Five Big Deal - 2022

True Cost

The Big 5 are common Needs

Remove any one item and you will diminish life

Deprivation

Human Values

same value

for all people

Huey Long - The King Fish - 1934

EVERY MAN A KING

Ladies and Gentlemen

The Kingfish

1928 to 1932

assassination in 1935

Water

Food

Food Cooking - Stoves - Ovens - Heating

low-temperature long-time cooking

non-electric portable slow cooker

Wood Burning Stoves

Wood Stove Operation Tips:

Active or passive systems

Passive thermal control system

Active thermal control system

Thermal control system

Heat transport

Heat provision and storage

Conduction

Ovens

Refrigeration - Food Preservation

it is illegal to knowingly release refrigerants into the atmosphere

do not harm the ozone layer

Freon

harms the ozone layer

HFCs

HCs

Phase Changes

absorption chillers

Food Storage

The Ice House

Farm Animals

How to Butcher a Farm Animal to Eat

Habitable Shelter

Home Building Requirements:

Skyscrapers made of Mud -

Energy - Potential - Power

10,656

Appliances

Water Heaters

Heat Pump Water Heaters

Domestic Hot Water System

Hydronic Heat

instantly heat water as it flows

point-of-use

electric shower head

Joule heating

Air Conditioners - Cooling Air - Passive

improve the indoor thermal comfort

natural cooling

ultra-low energy buildings

much less energy

Thermal Envelope

Bio Balls

thermal radiation

Atmospheric windows

Air Conditioning Warnings

Fans - Cool Breeze

Education - Informed - Skilled

These 5 things are just some of what every human needs to be able to live a happy, sustainable , healthy and productive life, without abuse or waste . Schools can use these 5 subjects to teach math, science, chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, farming and social intelligence. The needs of people is critical infrastructure Education - (Acronym - W.F.S.E.E - We Finally See)is a means of surviving by having the minimal amount of resources needed to remain in force or in effect. The action of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level. Welfare is the provision of a minimal level of well-being and social support for all citizens, sometimes referred to as public aid.is the activity of protecting someone or something from hazards or threats . The condition of being protected. Kindly endorsement and guidance. Defense against financial failure. A covering that is intend to protect from damage or injury.is having a favorable combination of circumstances and having some type of supportive system that makes it possible for a person to have a chance to do something beneficial and to do something of value or to be someone of value. An opportunity is a chance to realize your potential and to explore the possibilities.is being free from oppression and coercion , and having immunity from frivolous exercise of authority , as well as the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions.is the act of sharing in the activities of a group. The condition of sharing in common with others.is the human act of creating and making something or starting something for the first time and introducing something new.is the capacity for rational thought , inference or discrimination. Understanding based on comprehension and discernment and empathy Curiosity - Intuition Literature - Teachers is a positive feeling of liking. Responsibility - Expression - Emotions is time available for ease and relaxation and the freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity. Games - Parties - Peace of Mind Have Fun - Landscapes - Intimate Spaces is the individual characteristics by which a thing or person is recognized or known. The distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity. Self-Esteem - Consistency - Language - Religions Grow - Commit Oneself - Places one belongs to - Everyday Settings - Diversity Fundamental Human Needs (wiki) - Human Values Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Personal security , Financial security, Health and well-being , Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts, Friendship, Intimacy, belongingness , love, family, physiological, esteem, self-actualization , and self-transcendence Need is something that is necessary to live , things like clean air , water, food and shelter. There are also many other needs that people require in order to live peacefully , things like security , freedom, respect , and love. When peoples needs are not available, then people will suffer, and when important needs are unavailable, then people could die.is anything indispensable and something that is absolutely necessary and vital, someting of the greatest importance. Basics Second Bill of Rights was proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt during his State of the Union Address on Tuesday, January 11, 1944. In his address, Roosevelt suggested that the nation had come to recognize and should now implement, a second "bill of rights". Roosevelt argued that the "political rights" guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights had "proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness". His remedy was to declare an "" to guarantee these specific rights: Employment and the right to work clothing and leisure with enough income to support them Quality of Life is the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life . It observes life satisfaction, including everything from physical health , family, education , employment, wealth , religious beliefs, finance and the environment. QOL has a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare , politics and employment. It is important not to mix up the concept of QOL with a more recent growing area of health related QOL (HRQOL). An assessment of HRQOL is effectively an evaluation of QOL and its relationship with health. Quality of life should not be confused with the concept of standard of living, which is based primarily on income. Standard indicators of the quality of life include not only wealth and employment but also the built environment, physical and mental health, education , recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is defined as “the individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals.” In comparison to WHO's definitions, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale defines quality of life as “life quality (in this case, physical pain) at a precise moment in time.”or Eudaimonia is happiness or welfare and human flourishing, prosperity and blessedness. Well-Being is a general term for the condition of an individual or group , for example their social, economic, psychological, spiritual or medical state; a high level of well-being means in some sense the individual or group's condition is positive, while low well-being is associated with negative happenings. In philosophy, the term 'well-being' (and 'welfare', 'utility', etc.) refers to the manner in which an individual's life manifests desires, objectives, and needs—among myriad more diverse variables—and how these affect the individual's perspective.are things that make you comfortable and at ease and give you a sense of pleasantness resulting from agreeable conditions. Amenity is a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place, or the pleasantness of a place or a person. Amenity is something considered to benefit a location, contribute to its enjoyment, and thereby increase its value. (amenity is from the latin word amoenitās “pleasantness, delightfulness”).are material comforts that contribute to physical ease and well-being, such as good food and accommodations. The things that you need to feel comfortable in a place.is a state of physical ease and the freedom from pain or constraint, or to ease the grief or the distress of something. Comfort is a sense of physical or psychological ease , often characterized as a lack of hardship . Persons who are lacking in comfort are uncomfortable, or experiencing discomfort. A degree of psychological comfort can be achieved by recreating experiences that are associated with pleasant memories, such as engaging in familiar activities, maintaining the presence of familiar objects, and consumption of healthy foods. Comfort is a particular concern in health care , as providing comfort to the sick and injured is one goal of healthcare, and can facilitate recovery. Persons who are surrounded with things that provide psychological comfort may be described as "in their comfort zone". Because of the personal nature of positive associations, psychological comfort is highly subjective. Standard of Living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate , quality and affordability of housing , hours of work required to purchase necessities, gross domestic product, inflation rate, amount of leisure time every year, affordable (or free) access to quality healthcare, quality and availability of education, life expectancy , incidence of disease, cost of goods and services, infrastructure , national economic growth, economic and political stability, political and religious freedom, environmental quality, climate and safety . The standard of living is closely related to Quality of Life . Other measures such as access and quality of health care, income growth inequality, and educational standards are also used. Examples are access to certain goods (such as number of refrigerators per 1000 people), or measurement of health such as life expectancy. It is the ease by which people living in a time or place are able to satisfy their needs and/or wants. The main idea of a 'standard' may be contrasted with the quality of life, which takes into account not only the material standard of living, but also other more intangible aspects that make up human life, such as leisure, safety, cultural resources, social life, physical health, environmental quality issues etc. The means of measuring well-being must be employed to make such judgments, and these are very often political, thus controversial. Even between two nations or societies that have similar material standards of living, quality of life factors may in fact make one of these places more attractive to a given individual or group.is when people have very little money and do not have enough food or water or have a lack of food or water, as well as, lack jobs, have insufficient health care services and lack public transportation, which may be from government oppression, and many other factors.is when people are wealthy and can buy anything they want or need and have access to necessary public services. Canada is perceived as being number one in Quality of Life Rankings. Livelihood refers to the means of securing the basic necessities -food, water, shelter and clothing- of life ". Livelihood is defined as a set of activities , involving securing water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing and the capacity to acquire above necessities working either individually or as a group by using endowments (both human and material) for meeting the requirements of the self and his/her household on a sustainable basis with dignity. The activities are usually carried out repeatedly. For instance, a fisherman's livelihood depends on the availability and accessibility of fish. Life Satisfaction is the way people show their emotions and feelings and how they feel about their directions and options for the future. It is a measure of well-being and may be assessed in terms of mood, satisfaction with relations with others and with achieved goals , self-concepts, and self-perceived ability to cope with daily life . It is having a favorable attitude of one's life as a whole rather than an assessment of current feelings. Life satisfaction has been measured in relation to economic standing, amount of education , experiences, and residence, as well as many other topics. Life satisfaction is a key part of subjective wellbeing , which is a self-reported measure of well-being, typically obtained by questionnaire. Differences in experience can greatly shape the way that we observe and engage with the world around us. It can influence the way we speak to people, the way we act in public, and our general outlook. These experiences which shape the way we think about our surroundings affect our life-satisfaction. Someone who has the tendency to see the world in a more negative light may have a completely different level of satisfaction than someone who is constantly admiring the beauty of their surroundings. People who engage with more stress on average tend to have higher levels of stress can contribute to higher levels of self-report life satisfaction, as long as those who understand how to deal with their stress in a positive way. It is proposed that overall life satisfaction comes from within an individual based on the individual's personal values and what he or she holds important. For some it is family, for others it is love, and for others, it is money or other material items; either way, it varies from one person to another. Happiness Economics is the quantitative and theoretical study of happiness, positive and negative affect, well-being, quality of life, life satisfaction and related concepts, typically combining economics with other fields such as psychology, health and sociology. It typically treats such happiness-related measures, rather than wealth, income or profit, as something to be maximized. The field has grown substantially since the late 20th century, for example by the development of methods, surveys and indices to measure happiness and related concepts. Its findings have been described as a challenge to the economics profession. Happy Planet Index is an index of human well-being and environmental impact that was introduced by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in July 2006. The index is weighted to give progressively higher scores to nations with lower ecological footprints. The index is designed to challenge well-established indices of countries’ development, such as the gross domestic product (GDP) and the Human Development Index (HDI), which are seen as not taking sustainability into account. In particular, GDP is seen as inappropriate, as the usual ultimate aim of most people is not to be rich, but to be happy and healthy. Furthermore, it is believed that the notion of sustainable development requires a measure of the environmental costs of pursuing those goals. Out of the 178 countries surveyed in 2006, the best scoring countries were Vanuatu, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, and Panama. In 2009, Costa Rica was the best scoring country among the 143 analyzed, followed by the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guatemala and Vietnam. Tanzania, Botswana and Zimbabwe were featured at the bottom of the list. For the 2012 ranking, 151 countries were compared, and the best scoring country for the second time in a row was Costa Rica, followed by Vietnam, Colombia, Belize and El Salvador. The lowest ranking countries in 2012 were Botswana, Chad and Qatar. In 2016, out of 140 countries, Costa Rica topped the index for the third time in a row. It was followed by Mexico, Colombia, Vanuatu and Vietnam. At the bottom were Chad, Luxembourg and Togo. The American Dream is the achievement of something desired, promised, or predicted . A feeling of satisfaction at having achieved your desires. The meeting of a requirement or condition. Opportunity is the satisfaction or happiness as a result of fully developing one's abilities or character. is the realizing of one's deepest desires and capacities. actualization. Social Mobility oris the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. Economic Freedom Index measures the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations and their basic institutions that protects the liberty of individuals toresult in greater prosperity for the larger society. Democracy Index Human Freedom Index are measures that encompass personal, civil, and economic freedom. The index presents a broad measure of human freedom, understood as the absence of coercive constraint. It uses 79 distinct indicators of personal and economic freedom. The index covers the following areas: Rule of Law, Security and Safety, Movement, Religion, Association, Assembly, Civil Society, Expression, Relationships, Size of Government, Legal System and Property Rights, Access to Sound Money, Freedom to Trade Internationally, and Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business. The American Dream Social Progress Index measures the extent to which countries provide for the social and environmental needs of their citizens. Fifty-four indicators in the areas of basic human needs, foundations of well-being, and opportunity to progress show the relative performance of nations. The index is published by the nonprofit Social Progress Imperative, and is based on the writings of Amartya Sen, Douglass North, and Joseph Stiglitz. The SPI measures the well-being of a society by observing social and environmental outcomes directly rather than the economic factors. The social and environmental factors include wellness (including health, shelter and sanitation), equality, inclusion, sustainability and personal freedom and safety. Social Progress.org Moral Freedom Index is an international index ranking one hundred and sixty countries on their performance on five categories of indicators: religious freedom (taking into account both the freedom to practice any religion or none, and the situation of religious control on the state); bioethical freedom (including the legal status of abortion, euthanasia and other practices pertaining to bioethics, like surrogacy or stem cell research); drugs freedom (including the legal status of cannabis and the country's general policy on hard drugs); sexual freedom (including the legal status of pornography and sex services among consenting adults, and the country's age of sexual consent), and family and gender freedom (including women's freedom of movement, the legal status of cohabitation of unmarried couples, same sex marriage and the situation of transgender people). Press Freedom Index Per Capita Income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. GDP Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. Human Development Index - List of Countries (wiki) Millennium Development Goals - Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Achieve universal primary education. Promote gender equality and empower women. Reduce child mortality. Improve maternal health. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. Ensure environmental sustainability. Develop a global partnership for development. Human Development in humanity is a concept within a field of international development. It involves studies of the human condition with its core being the capability approach. The inequality adjusted Human Development Index is used as a way of measuring actual progress in human development by the United Nations . It is an alternative approach to a single focus on economic growth, and focused more on social justice, as a way of understanding progress. Human Development is the process of enlarging people's choices , said choices allowing them to lead a long and healthy life, to be educated, to enjoy a decent standard of living, as well as political freedom, other guaranteed human rights and various ingredients of self-respect.Where Science Environment and Social Development are inseparable. The End of Ownership (VPRO Backlight, 47:52) Commons is the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable earth. These resources are held in common, not owned privately. National Goals of the U.S. President's Commission was organized in February 1960 as a non-official body whose purpose was to develop afor the next decade and longer. The American Assembly is a think tank at Columbia University, founded in 1950 by General Dwight Eisenhower. It has become his most enduring achievement and legacy as president of Columbia. For over 60 years, it has fostered nonpartisan public-policy discussions by convening, research, and publication. Over 100 "American Assemblies" have been held on topics ranging from prison reform to healthcare to nuclear disarmament. In recent years, Assembly projects have made a wide range of contributions to economic, urban, and cultural policy, including projects on workforce development, financial regulation, and the role of the arts in American universities. Independent , not Dependent is an acronym that stands for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed. ALICE represents the households with income above the Federal Poverty Level but below the basic cost of living. Poverty A Good Life for All within the Planet’s Means . A study led by the University of Leeds has found that no country currently meets its citizens’ basic needs at a globally sustainable level of resource use. Development Aid is aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries. Closely-related concepts include: foreign aid, international aid, overseas aid, developmental aid, development assistance, official development assistance (ODA), development cooperation and technical assistance. It is distinguished from humanitarian aid by aiming at a sustained improvement in the conditions in a developing country, rather than short-term relief. Development aid is thus widely seen as a major way to meet Sustainable Development Goal 1 (end poverty in all its forms everywhere) for the developing nations. Aid may be bilateral: given from one country directly to another; or it may be multilateral: given by the donor country to an international organisation such as the World Bank or the United Nations Agencies (UNDP, UNICEF, UNAIDS, etc.) which then distributes it among the developing countries. The proportion is currently about 70% bilateral 30% multilateral. About 80% of the aid measured by the OECD comes from government sources as official development assistance (ODA). The remaining 20% or so comes from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations or NGOs (e.g., Oxfam). Most development aid comes from the Western industrialised countries but some poorer countries also contribute aid. Development aid is not usually understood as including remittances received from migrants working or living in diaspora--even though these form a significant amount of international transfer--as the recipients of remittances are usually individuals and families rather than formal projects and programmes. Some governments also include military assistance in the notion of "foreign aid", although the international community does not usually regard military aid as development aid. International Development or global development is a broad concept denoting the idea that societies and countries have differing levels of "development" on an international scale. It is the basis for international classifications such as developed country, developing country and least developed country, and for a field of practice and research that in various ways engages with international development processes. There are, however, many schools of thought and conventions regarding which are the exact features constituting the "development" of a country. Historically, development has often been largely synonymous with economic development. More recently, writers and practitioners have begun to discuss development in the more holistic and multi-disciplinary sense of human development. Other related concepts are, for instance, competitiveness, quality of life or subjective well-being. "International development" is different from the simple concept of "development". Whereas the latter, at its most basic, denotes simply the idea of change through time, international development has come to refer to a distinct field of practice, industry, and research; the subject of university courses and professional categorisations. It remains closely related to the set of institutions—especially the Bretton Woods Institutions—that arose after the Second World War with a focus on economic growth, alleviating poverty, and improving living conditions in previously colonised countries. The international community has codified development aims in, for instance, the Millennium Development Goals (2000 to 2015) and the Sustainable Development Goals (2015 to 2030). United States Agency for International Development is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance. USAID's decentralized network of resident field missions is drawn on to manage U.S. Government (USG) programs in low-income countries for a range of purposes. Disaster relief, Poverty relief, Technical cooperation on global issues, including the environment, U.S. bilateral interests, Socioeconomic development. Developing Country is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index or HDI relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category. The term low and middle-income country (LMIC) is often used interchangeably but refers only to the economy of the countries. The World Bank classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on Gross National Income per capita: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income countries. Least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing states are all sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually referred to as high-income countries or developed countries. Developing countries tend to have some characteristics in common often due to their histories or geographies. For example, with regards to health risks, they commonly have: low levels of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene; energy poverty; high levels of pollution (e.g. air pollution, indoor air pollution, water pollution); high proportion of people with tropical and infectious diseases (neglected tropical diseases); a high number of road traffic accidents; and generally poor infrastructure. Often, there is also widespread poverty, low education levels, inadequate access to family planning services, many informal settlements, corruption at all government levels, and a lack of so-called good governance. Global warming (climate change) is expected to impact developing countries more than wealthier countries, as most of them have a high "climate vulnerability". Development aid or development cooperation is financial aid given by governments and other agencies to support developing countries' economic, environmental, social, and political development. The Sustainable Development Goals by the United Nations were set up to overcome many of these problems.is a fundamental principle or practice Five Pillars Development Model : Education, Water, Health, Food, Opportunity. Five Pillars Development Model : Education, Clean Water & Sanitation, Food & Nutrition, Healthcare and Income Training & Empowerment. Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everyone. Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities Productivity means human labor productivity or productivity in terms of human work Empowerment means to have the power to make choices New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the "3 Rs":for the unemployed and poor,of the economy back to normal levels andof the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. Huey Long's Share Our Wealth Speech in 1934 (assassinated 1935).mandated that the Civilian Conservation Corps orrecruit unemployed young men from urban areas to perform conservation work throughout the nation's forests, parks, and fields. The Emergency Conservation Program helps farmers and ranchers to repair damage to farmlands caused by natural disasters and to help put in place methods for water conservation during severe drought. The ECP does this by giving ranchers and farmers funding and assistance to repair the damaged farmland or to install methods for water conservation Civilian Conservation Corps was a voluntary public work relief program that operated fromin the United States for unemployed, unmarried men. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to ages 17–28. Robert Fechner was the first director of this agency, succeeded by James McEntee following Fechner's death. Thewas a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that provided manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States. Maximum enrollment at any one time was 300,000. Through the course of its nine years in operation, 3 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a wage of $30 (equivalent to $590 in 2019) per month ($25 of which had to be sent home to their families). The American public made the CCC the most popular of all the New Deal programs. Sources written at the time claimed an individual's enrollment in the CCC led to improved physical condition, heightened morale, and increased employability. The CCC also led to a greater public awareness and appreciation of the outdoors and the nation's natural resources , and the continued need for a carefully planned , comprehensive national program for the protection and development of natural resources. The CCC operated separate programs for veterans and Native Americans. Approximately 15,000 Native Americans participated in the program, helping them weather the Great Depression. By 1942, with World War II and the draft in operation, the need for work relief declined, and Congress voted to close the program. Civilian Conservation Corps (vimeo) - A Civilian Climate Corps Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash in October 1929 . The stock market crash marked the beginning of a decade of high unemployment, poverty, low profits, deflation, plunging farm incomes, and lost opportunities for economic growth as well as for personal advancement. Altogether, there was a general loss of confidence in the economic future. The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes, and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they are trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California along with thousands of other "Okies" seeking jobs, land, dignity, and a future. Fair Deal were important proposals to aid education, universal health insurance , the Fair Employment Practices Commission, and repeal of the Taft–Hartley Act. They were all debated at length, then voted down. Truman administration , fromto 1953. Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the total elimination of poverty and racial injustice . New major spending programs that addressed education , medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period. The program and its initiatives were subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s and years following. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Lyndon B. Johnson was theof the United States from 1963 to 1969. He was appointed on November 22, 1963, after President Kennedy was assassinated. He had previously served as the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963 under President John F. Kennedy. A Democrat from Texas, Johnson also served as a U.S. representative, U.S. senator and the Senate's majority leader. He holds the distinction of being one of the few presidents who. The following year Johnson was elected to the presidency when he won in a landslide against Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater. Johnson received 61.1% of the popular vote in the 1964 presidential election; this makes his victory the largest share of the popular vote of any candidate since James Monroe's victory in 1820. Born in a farmhouse in Stonewall, Texas, to a local political family, Johnson worked as a high school teacher and a congressional aide before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1937. He won election to the United States Senate in 1948 after narrowly winning the Democratic Party's nomination. He was appointed to the position of Senate Majority Whip in 1951. He became the Senate Democratic leader in 1953 and majority leader in 1954. Lyndon Baines Johnson was, near Stonewall, Texas, in a small farmhouse on the Pedernales River. He was the eldest of five children born to Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines. Johnson had one brother, Sam Houston Johnson, and three sisters, Rebekah, Josefa, and Lucia. The nearby small town of Johnson City, Texas, was named after LBJ's father's cousin, James Polk Johnson, whose forebears had moved west from Georgia. Johnson had English-Irish, German, and Ulster Scots ancestry. Through his mother, he was a great-grandson of pioneer Baptist clergyman George Washington Baines, who pastored eight churches in Texas, as well as others in Arkansas and Louisiana. Baines was also the president of Baylor University during the American Civil War. In school, Johnson was a talkative youth who was elected president of his 11th-grade class. He graduated in 1924 from Johnson City High School, where he participated in public speaking, debate, and baseball. At the age of 15, Johnson was the youngest member of his class. Pressured by his parents to attend college, he enrolled at a "sub college" of Southwest Texas State Teachers College (SWTSTC) in the summer of 1924, where students from unaccredited high schools could take the 12th-grade courses needed for admission to college. He left the school just weeks after his arrival and decided to move to southern California. He worked at his cousin's legal practice and in various odd jobs before returning to Texas, where he worked as a day laborer. In 1926, Johnson managed to enroll at SWTSTC (now Texas State University). He worked his way through school, participated in debate and campus politics, and edited the school newspaper, The College Star. The college years refined his skills of persuasion and political organization. For nine months, from 1928 to 1929, Johnson paused his studies to teach Mexican–American children at the segregated Welhausen School in Cotulla, some 90 miles (140 km) south of San Antonio in La Salle County. The job helped him to save money to complete his education, and he graduated in 1930 with a Bachelor of Science degree in history and his certificate of qualification as a high school teacher. He briefly taught at Pearsall High School before taking a position as teacher of public speaking at Sam Houston High School in Houston. When he returned to San Marcos in 1965, after signing the Higher Education Act of 1965, Johnson reminisced: I shall never forget the faces of the boys and the girls in that little Welhausen Mexican School, and I remember even yet the pain of realizing and knowing then that college was closed to practically every one of those children because they were too poor. And I think it was then that I made up my mind that this nation could never rest while the door to knowledge remained closed to any American.1963: Clean Air Act of 1963.1963: Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963.1963: Vocational Education Act of 1963.1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964 1964: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964.1964: Wilderness Act.1964: Nurse Training Act of 1964.1964: Food Stamp Act of 1964.1964: Economic Opportunity Act.1964: Housing Act of 1964.1965: Higher Education Act of 1965 1965: Older Americans Act.1965: Coinage Act of 1965.1965: Social Security Act of 1965.1965: Voting Rights Act of 1965.1965: Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965 1966: Animal Welfare Act of 1966.1966: Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).1967: Age Discrimination in Employment Act.1967: Public Broadcasting Act of 1967.1968: Architectural Barriers Act of 1968.1968: Bilingual Education Act.1968: Civil Rights Act of 1968.1968: Gun Control Act of 1968. Green New Deal is a set of proposed economic stimulus programs onin the United States that aims to address climate change and economic inequality . "Guaranteeing a job with a family-sustaining wage, adequate family and medical leave, paid vacations, and retirement security to all people of the United States." "Providing all people of the United States with — (i) high-quality health care; (ii) affordable, safe, and adequate housing; (iii) economic security; and (iv) access to clean water, clean air, healthy and affordable food, and nature." "Providing resources, training, and high-quality education, including higher education, to all people of the United States." "Meeting 100 percent of the power demand in the United States through clean, renewable, and zero-emission energy sources." "Repairing and upgrading the infrastructure in the United States. Eliminating pollution and greenhouse gas emissions as much as technologically feasible." "Building or upgrading to energy-efficient, distributed, and ‘smart’ power grids, and working to ensure affordable access to electricity." "Upgrading all existing buildings in the United States and building new buildings to achieve maximal energy efficiency, water efficiency, safety, affordability, comfort, and durability, including through electrification." "Overhauling transportation systems in the United States to eliminate pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector as much as is technologically feasible, including through investment in — (i) zero-emission vehicle infrastructure and manufacturing; (ii) clean, affordable, and accessible public transportation; and (iii) high-speed rail." "Spurring massive growth in clean manufacturing in the United States and removing pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from manufacturing and industry as much as is technologically feasible." "Working collaboratively with farmers and ranchers in the United States to eliminate pollution and greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural sector as much as is technologically feasible." Ocasio Cortez Green New Deal. Build Back Better Act is a bill introduced in theto fulfill aspects of President Joe Biden's Build Back Better Plan. Plan was divided into three parts. The, a COVID-19 relief package, was signed into law in March 2021. The other two parts were reworked into different bills over the course of extensive negotiations. Thewas a proposal to rebuild America's infrastructure and create jobs, and thewas a proposal to invest in areas related to childcare and education. Much of the AJP was incorporated into the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act , passed by the Senate in August 2021. It will likely receive a House vote in tandem with the Build Back Better Act, a human infrastructure bill which incorporates some proposals from the American Families Plan. The bill would have provided funding for: management of the National Forest System; job placement and career services; safe drinking water, energy-efficiency, and weatherization projects; electric vehicles and zero-emission, heavy-duty vehicles; public health infrastructure and supply chain resiliency; housing, rental, and homeowner assistance programs; cybersecurity programs; tribal infrastructure, housing, environmental, and health programs; wildfire prevention, drought relief, conservation efforts, and climate change research; small business assistance and development; transit services and clean energy projects in low-income communities; and infrastructure and administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Additionally, the bill would have established programs to provide: up to six semesters of free community college, free child care for children under the age of six, free universal preschool services, and health benefits for eligible individuals who reside in states that have not expanded Medicaid. The bill also included provisions that would: establish a methane fee for certain petroleum and natural gas facilities; expand Medicare to cover dental, hearing, and vision care; provide certain aliens with a path to permanent resident status (e.g., those who entered the United States as minors); provide up to 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave; restructure and increase the tax rates for certain corporations and high-income individuals (e.g., individuals with income over $400,000); and require the Department of Health and Human Services to negotiate maximum prices for certain brand-name drugs under Medicare.The revised version of the bill is expected to cost around $1.75 trillion. The White House's legislative framework includes:$555 billion for clean energy and climate change provisions. $400 billion for childcare and preschools. $200 billion for child tax and earned income tax credits. $150 billion for home care.$150 billion for housing. $130 billion for Affordable Care Act credits. $90 billion for equity and other investments. $40 billion for higher education and workforce. $35 billion to expand Medicare to hearing services. The pending payment methods are: $400 billion from IRS reform, including the enforcement of tax payments from taxpayers making over $400,000. $350 billion by imposing a 15% minimum tax on foreign corporate profits. $325 billion via a 15% corporate minimum tax (applying to corporations making over $1 billion for three consecutive years). $250 billion by closing a Medicare tax loophole benefiting the wealthy. $230 billion from an adjusted gross income surcharge on the 0.02% most wealthy, applying a 5% rate for those who make $10 million, and an additional 3% surtax above $25 million. $170 billion by reducing business losses of the wealthy. $145 billion by repealing the 2017 tax act's rebate rule regarding prescription drugs. $125 billion via a 1% surcharge on corporate stock buybacks. Education - (Acronym - W.F.S.E.E - We Finally See)is determined by the amount of the number of people it will take to perform any one of the Big 5 Responsibilities. The time needed to complete the tasks in each category and subcategory of the Big 5. The resources needed to complete the task. Environmental impacts , alternatives and choices. Quantity needed will vary depending on required output . Required amounts of Food and Water that are Necessary may vary depending on the location and region of the planet because of usable land and rainfall. Free Trade Create Jobs for Every Man and Women on the Planet (Repair, Restore, Maintain, Manage). Waste = Food (video) - Sustainable, Reusable and Recyclable - Minerals, Land, Wood, Water, Air, Technology.. Things that we can Measure and Predict. Things that can be Confirmed and Repeated in Tests using People, Time and Resources. The first thing we teach is why the Big 5 is extremely important to every Human. Working Together Economic Security – Economic security requires an assured basic income for individuals, usually from productive and remunerative work or, as a last resort, from a publicly financed safety net. In this sense, only about a quarter of the world's people are presently economically secure. While the economic security problem may be more serious in developing countries, concern also arises in developed countries as well. Unemployment problems constitute an important factor underlying political tensions and ethnic violence. Food Security – Food security requires that all people at all times have both physical and economic access to basic food. According to the United Nations, the overall availability of food is not a problem, rather the problem often is the poor distribution of food and a lack of purchasing power. In the past, food security problems have been dealt with at both national and global levels. However, their impacts are limited. According to UN, the key is to tackle the problems relating to access to assets, work and assured income (related to economic security). Health Security – Health Security aims to guarantee a minimum protection from diseases and unhealthy lifestyles. In developing countries, the major causes of death traditionally were infectious and parasitic diseases, whereas in industrialized countries, the major killers were diseases of the circulatory system. Today, lifestyle-related chronic diseases are leading killers worldwide, with 80 percent of deaths from chronic diseases occurring in low- and middle-income countries. According to the United Nations, in both developing and industrial countries, threats to health security are usually greater for poor people in rural areas, particularly children. This is due to malnutrition and insufficient access to health services, clean water and other basic necessities. Environmental Security – Environmental security aims to protect people from the short- and long-term ravages of nature, man-made threats in nature, and deterioration of the natural environment. In developing countries, lack of access to clean water resources is one of the greatest environmental threats. In industrial countries, one of the major threats is air pollution. Global warming, caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, is another environmental security issue. Open Source Ecology Marcin Jakubowski (youtube). Personal Security – Personal security aims to protect people from physical violence, whether from the state or external states, from violent individuals and sub-state actors, from domestic abuse, or from predatory adults. For many people, the greatest source of anxiety is crime, particularly violent crime. Human Security understanding global vulnerabilities. Community Security – Community security aims to protect people from the loss of traditional relationships and values and from sectarian and ethnic violence. Traditional communities, particularly minority ethnic groups are often threatened. About half of the world's states have experienced some inter-ethnic strife. The United Nations declared 1993 the Year of Indigenous People to highlight the continuing vulnerability of the 300 million aboriginal people in 70 countries as they face a widening spiral of violence. Political Security – Political security is concerned with whether people live in a society that honors their basic human rights. According to a survey conducted by Amnesty International, political repression, systematic torture, ill treatment or disappearance was still practiced in 110 countries. Human rights violations are most frequent during periods of political unrest. Along with repressing individuals and groups, governments may try to exercise control over ideas and information.The major problem with our Government is that it's riddled with incompetence and corruption . A system that depends on money and not people, is pure ignorance. And poverty and abuse is the end result. The only true way to defend people against a flawed society is to teach essential knowledge and information to every human being on this planet. When we fix our education system, then we will be on are way to a better world for all. One of the first things that every society needs to do is to provide the big 5,. All Five are equally important and all five are connected. Dichotomy is a partition of a whole or a set into two parts or subsets. In other words, this couple of parts must be jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts., create suffering and cause death. Being counter productive and making people vulnerable is not logical.is the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society. The lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity. Theory of Basic Human Values tries to measure universal values that are recognized throughout all major cultures. Motivational types of values . The Theory of basic human values recognize ten universal values, which can be organized in four higher-order groups. Each of the ten universal values has a central goal that is the underlying motivator. Openness to change. Self-Direction Independent thought and action —choosing, creating, exploring. Stimulation Excitement, novelty and challenge in life. Self-enhancement. Hedonism Pleasure or sensuous gratification for oneself. Achievement Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards. Power Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources. Conservation. Security Safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self. Conformity. Restraint of actions , inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. Tradition Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that one's culture or religion provides. Self-transcendence. Benevolence Preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact (the ‘in-group’). Universalism Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature. Spirituality was considered as an additional eleventh value, however, it was found that it did not exist in all cultures . Although the theory distinguishes ten values, the borders between the motivators are artificial and one value flows into the next, which can be seen by the following shared motivational emphases: Power and Achievement —social superiority and esteem; Achievement and Hedonism—self-centred satisfaction; Hedonism and Stimulation—a desire for affectively pleasant arousal; Stimulation and Self-direction—intrinsic interest in novelty and mastery; Self-direction and Universalism—reliance upon one's own judgement and comfort with the diversity of existence; Universalism and Benevolence—enhancement of others and transcendence of selfish interests; Benevolence and Tradition—devotion to one's in-group; Benevolence and Conformity—normative behaviour that promotes close relationships; Conformity and Tradition—subordination of self in favour of socially imposed expectations; Tradition and Security—preserving existing social arrangements that give certainty to life; Conformity and Security—protection of order and harmony in relations; Security and Power—avoiding or overcoming threats by controlling relationships and resources. Furthermore, people are still able to follow opposing values through acting differently in different settings or at different times. The structure of Schwartz's 10-value type model (see graph above) has been supported across over 80 countries, gender, various methods such as importance ratings of values (using the surveys listed below), direct similarity judgment tasks, pile sorting, and spatial arrangement, and even for how the values of other people, such as family members, are perceived. Universal Value is a value the has theor worth. Spheres of human value encompass morality, aesthetic preference, human traits, human endeavour, and social order. Values can be split into two categories, there are individual values, which pertains to something that we think has worth and then there are social values. Social values are our desires modified according to ethical principles or according to the group, we associate with: friends, family, or co-workers. Norms tell us what people ought to do in a given situation. Unlike values, norms are enforced externally – or outside of oneself. A society as a whole determines norms, and they can be passed down from generation to generation. Shalom H. Schwartz who is a social psychologist, cross-cultural researcher, did some research and his results from a series of studies included surveys of more than 25,000 people in 44 countries with a wide range of different cultural types suggest that there are fifty-six specific universal values and ten types of universal value . Schwartz's ten types of universal value are: power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security. Below are each of the value types, with the specific related values alongside: Power: authority; leadership; dominance, social power, wealth. Achievement: success; capability; ambition; influence; intelligence; self-respect. Hedonism: pleasure; enjoying life. Stimulation: daring activities; varied life; exciting life. Self-direction: creativity; freedom; independence; curiosity; choosing your own goals. Universalism: broadmindedness; wisdom; social justice; equality; a world at peace; a world of beauty; unity with nature; protecting the environment; inner harmony. Benevolence: helpfulness; honesty; forgiveness; loyalty; responsibility; friendship. Tradition: accepting one's portion in life; humility; devoutness; respect for tradition; moderation. Conformity: self-discipline; obedience. Security: cleanliness; family security; national security; stability of social order; reciprocation of favours; health; sense of belonging. Schwartz also tested an eleventh possible universal value, 'spirituality', or 'the goal of finding meaning in life', but found that it does not seem to be recognized in all cultures. World Values Survey is a global research project that explores people's values and beliefs, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have. Since 1981 a worldwide network of social scientists have conducted representative national surveys as part of WVS in almost 100 countries. The WVS measures, monitors and analyzes: support for democracy, tolerance of foreigners and ethnic minorities, support for gender equality, the role of religion and changing levels of religiosity, the impact of globalization, attitudes toward the environment, work, family, politics, national identity, culture, diversity, insecurity, and subjective well-being. The findings provide information for policy makers seeking to build civil society and democratic institutions in developing countries. The work is also frequently used by governments around the world, scholars, students, journalists and international organizations and institutions such as the World Bank and the United Nations (UNDP and UN-Habitat). Data from the World Values Survey have (for example) been used to better understand the motivations behind events such as the Arab Spring, the 2005 French civil unrest, the Rwandan genocide in 1994 and the Yugoslav wars and political upheaval in the 1990s. Romano Prodi, former Prime Minister of Italy and the tenth President of the European Commission, said about WVS work: The growing globalization of the world makes it increasingly important to understand ... diversity. People with varying beliefs and values can live together and work together productively, but for this to happen it is crucial to understand and appreciate their distinctive worldviews. Analysis of WVS data made by political scientists Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel asserts that there are two major dimensions of cross cultural variation in the world: Traditional values versus Secular-rational values and Survival values versus Self-expression values. The global cultural map shows how scores of societies are located on these two dimensions. Moving upward on this map reflects the shift from Traditional values to Secular-rational and moving rightward reflects the shift from Survival values to Self–expression values. Distributive Justice concerns the nature of a socially just allocation of goods in a society. A society in which incidental inequalities in outcome do not arise would be considered a society guided by the principles of distributive justice. The concept includes the available quantities of goods, the process by which goods are to be distributed, and the resulting allocation of the goods to the members of the society. Value of Life Huey Long's Share Our Wealth Speech ” Share Our Wealth Radio Speech by Senator Huey P. Long, of Louisiana, February 23, 1934. Is that a right of life when the young children of this country are being reared into a sphere which is more owned by 12 men than it is by 120,000,000 people ?” Huey Long unveiled his “Share Our Wealth” plan, a program designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people. Long proposed capping personal fortunes at $50 million each (roughly $600 million in today's dollars) through a restructured, progressive federal tax code and sharing the resulting revenue with the public through government benefits and public works. In subsequent speeches and writings, he revised his graduated tax levy on wealth over $1 million to cap fortunes at $5 - $8 million (or $60 - $96 million today).: — I have only 30 minutes in which to speak to you this evening, and I, therefore, will not be able to discuss in detail so much as I can write when I have all of the time and space that is allowed me for the subjects, but I will undertake to sketch them very briefly without manuscript or preparation, so that you can understand them so well as I can tell them to you tonight. I contend, my friends, that we have no difficult problem to solve in America, and that is the view of nearly everyone with whom I have discussed the matter here in Washington and elsewhere throughout the United States—that we have no very difficult problem to solve. It is not the difficulty of the problem which we have; it is the fact that the rich people of this country—and by rich people I mean the super-rich—will not allow us to solve the problems, or rather the one little problem that is afflicting this country, because in order to cure all of our woes it is necessary to scale down the big fortunes, that we may scatter the wealth to be shared by all of the people. We have a marvelous love for this Government of ours; in fact, it is almost a religion, and it is well that it should be, because we have a splendid form of government and we have a splendid set of laws. We have everything here that we need, except that we have neglected the fundamentals upon which the American Government was principally predicated. How many of you remember the first thing that the Declaration of Independence said? It said: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that there are certain inalienable rights for the people, and among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;" and it said further, "We hold the view that all men are created equal." Now, what did they mean by that? Did they mean, my friends, to say that all men are created equal and that that meant that any one man was born to inherit $10,000,000,000 and that another child was to be born to inherit nothing? Did that mean, my friends, that someone would come into this world without having had an opportunity, of course, to have hit one lick of work, should be born with more than it and all of its children and children's children could ever dispose of, but that another one would have to be born into a life of starvation? That was not the meaning of the Declaration of Independence when it said that all men are created equal or "That we hold that all men are created equal." Nor was it the meaning of the Declaration of Independence when it said that they held that there were certain rights that were inalienable—the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Is that right of life, my friends, when the young children of this country are being reared into a sphere which is more owned by 12 men than it by 120,000,000 people? Is that, my friends, giving them a fair shake of the dice or anything like the inalienable right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, or anything resembling the fact that all people are created equal; when we have today in America thousands and hundreds of thousands and millions of children on the verge of starvation in a land that is overflowing with too much to eat and too much to wear? I do not think you will contend that, and I do not think for a moment that they will contend it. Now let us see if we cannot return this Government to the Declaration of Independence and see if we are going to do anything regarding it. Why should we hesitate or why should we quibble or why should we quarrel with one another to find out what the difficulty is, when we know that the Lord told us what the difficulty is, and Moses wrote it out so a blind man could see it, then Jesus told us all about it, and it was later written in the Book of James, where everyone could read it? I refer to the Scriptures, now, my friends, and give you what it says not for the purpose of convincing you of the wisdom of myself, not for the purpose, ladies and gentlemen, of convincing you of the fact that I am quoting the Scriptures means that I am to be more believed than someone else; but I quote you the Scripture, or rather refer you to the Scripture, because whatever you see there you may rely upon will never be disproved so long as you or your children or anyone may live; and you may further depend upon the fact that not one historical fact that the Bible has ever contained has ever yet been disproved by any scientific discovery or by reason of anything that has been disclosed to man through his own individual mind or through the wisdom of the Lord which the Lord has allowed him to have. But the Scripture says, ladies and gentlemen, that no country can survive, or for a country to survive it is necessary that we keep the wealth scattered among the people, that nothing should keep the wealth scattered among the people, that nothing should be held permanently by any one person, and that 50 years seems to be the year of jubilee in which all property would be scattered about and returned to the sources from which it originally came, and every seventh year debt should be remitted. Those two things the Almighty said to be necessary—I should say He knew to be necessary, or else He would not have so prescribed that the property would be kept among the general run of the people, and that everyone would continue to share in it; so that no one man would get half of it and hand it down to a son, who takes half of what was left, and that son hand it down to another one, who would take half of what was left, until, like a snowball going downhill, all of the snow was off of the ground except what the snowball had. I believe that was the judgment and the view and the law of the Lord, that we would have to distribute wealth ever so often, in order that there could not be people starving to death in a land of plenty, as there is in America today. We have in America today more wealth, more goods, more food, more clothing, more houses than we have ever had. We have everything in abundance here. We have the farm problem, my friends, because we have too much cotton, because we have too much wheat, and have too much corn, and too much potatoes. We have a home loan problem, because we have too many houses, and yet nobody can buy them and live in them. We have trouble, my friends, in the country, because we have too much money owing, the greatest indebtedness that has ever been given to civilization, where it has been shown that we are incapable of distributing the actual things that are here, because the people have not money enough to supply themselves with them, and because the greed of a few men is such that they think it is necessary that they own everything, and their pleasure consists in the starvation of the masses, and in their possessing things they cannot use, and their children cannot use, but who bask in the splendor of sunlight and wealth, casting darkness and despair and impressing it on everyone else. "So, therefore," said the Lord in effect, "if you see these things that now have occurred and exist in this and other countries, there must be a constant scattering of wealth in any country if this country is to survive." "Then," said the Lord, in effect, "every seventh year there shall be a remission of debts; there will be no debts after 7 years." That was the law. Now, let us take America today. We have in America today, ladies and gentlemen, $272,000,000,000 of debt. Two hundred and seventy-two thousand millions of dollars of debts are owed by the various people of this country today. Why, my friends, that cannot be paid. It is not possible for that kind of debt to be paid. The entire currency of the United States is only $6,000,000,000. That is all of the money that we have got in America today. All the actual money you have got in all of your banks, all that you have got in the Government Treasury, is $6,000,000,000; and if you took all that money and paid it out today you would still owe $266,000,000,000; and if you took all that money and paid again you would still owe $260,000,000,000; and if you took it, my friends, 20 times and paid it you would still owe $150,000,000,000. You would have to have 45 times the entire money supply of the United States today to pay the debts of the people of America and then they would just have to start out from scratch, without a dime to go on with. So, my friends, it is impossible to pay all of these debts, and you might as well find out that it cannot be done. The United States Supreme Court has definitely found out that it could not be done, because, in a Minnesota case, it held that when a State has postponed the evil day of collecting a debt it was a valid and constitutional exercise of legislative power. Now, ladies and gentlemen, if I may proceed to give you some other words that I think you can understand—I am not going to belabor you by quoting tonight—I am going to tell you what the wise men of all ages and all times, down even to the present day, have all said: That you must keep the wealth of the country scattered, and you must limit the amount that any one man can own. You cannot let any man own §300,000,000,000 or $400,000,000,000. If you do, one man can own all of the wealth that the United States has in it. Now, my friends, if you were off on an island where there were 100 lunches, you could not let one man eat up the hundred lunches, or take the hundred lunches and not let anybody else eat any of them. If you did, there would not be anything else for the balance of the people to consume. So, we have in America today, my friends, a condition by which about 10 men dominate the means of activity in at least 85 percent of the activities that you own. They either own directly everything or they have got some kind of mortgage on it, with a very small percentage to be excepted. They own the banks, they own the steel mills, they own the railroads, they own the bonds, they own the mortgages, they own the stores, and they have chained the country from one end to the other until there is not any kind of business that a small, independent man could go into today and make a living, and there is not any kind of business that an independent man can go into and make any money to buy an automobile with; and they have finally and gradually and steadily eliminated everybody from the fields in which there is a living to be made, and still they have got little enough sense to think they ought to be able to get more business out of it anyway. If you reduce a man to the point where he is starving to death and bleeding and dying, how do you expect that man to get hold of any money to spend with you? It is not possible. Then, ladies and gentlemen, how do you expect people to live, when the wherewith cannot be had by the people? In the beginning I quoted from the Scriptures. I hope you will understand that I am not quoting Scripture to you to convince you of my goodness personally, because that is a thing between me and my Maker; that is something as to how I stand with my Maker and as to how you stand with your Maker. That is not concerned with this issue, except and unless there are those of you who would be so good as to pray for the souls of some of UK. Rut the Lord gave His law, and in the Book of James they said so, that the rich should weep and howl for the miseries that had come upon them; and, therefore, it was written that when the rich hold goods they could not use and could not consume, you will inflict punishment on them, and nothing but days of woe ahead of them. Then we have heard of the great Greek philosopher, Socrates, and the greater Greek philosopher, Plato, and we have read the dialogue between Plato and Socrates, in which one said that great riches brought on great poverty, and would be destructive of a country. Read what they said. Read what Plato said; that you must not let any one man be too poor, and you must not let any one man be too rich; that the same mill that grinds out the extra rich is the mill that will grind out the extra poor, because, in order that the extra rich can become so affluent, they must necessarily take more of what ordinarily would belong to the average man. It is a very simple process of mathematics that you do not have to study, and that no one is going to discuss with you. So that was the view of Socrates and Plato. That was the view of the English statesmen. That was the view of American statesmen. That was the view of American statesmen like Daniel Webster, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, William Jennings Bryan, and Theodore Roosevelt, and even as late as Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Both of these men, Mr. Hoover and Mr. Roosevelt, came out and said there had to be a decentralization of wealth, but neither one of them did anything about it. But, nevertheless, they recognized the principle. The fact that neither one of them ever did anything about it is their own problem that I am not undertaking to criticize; but had Mr. Hoover carried out what he says ought to be done, he would be retiring from the President's office, very probably, 8 years from now, instead of 1 year ago; and had Mr. Roosevelt proceeded along the lines that he stated were necessary for the decentralization of wealth, he would have gone, my friends, a long way already, and within a few months he would have probably reached a solution of all of the problems that afflict this country today. But I wish to warn you now that nothing that has been done up to this date has taken one dime away from these big fortune-holders; they own just as much as they did, and probably a little bit more; they hold just as many of the debts of the common people as they ever held, and probably a little bit more; and unless we, my friends, are going to give the people of this country a fair shake of the dice, by which they will all get something out of the funds of this land, there is not a chance on the topside of this God's eternal earth by which we can rescue this country and rescue the people of this country. It is necessary to save the government of the country, but is much more necessary to save the people of America. We love this country. We love this Government. It is a religion, I say. It is a kind of religion people have read of when women, in the name of religion, would take their infant babes and throw them into the burning flame, where they would be instantly devoured by the all-consuming fire, in days gone by; and there probably are some people of the world even today, who, in the name of religion, throw their own babes to destruction; but in the name of our good government, people today are seeing their own children hungry, tired, half-naked, lifting their tear-dimmed eyes into the sad faces of their fathers and mothers, who cannot give them food and clothing they both need, and which is necessary to sustain them, and that goes on day after day, and night after night, when day gets into darkness and blackness, knowing those children would arise in the morning without being fed, and probably go to bed at night without being fed. Yet in the name of our Government, and all alone, those people undertake and strive as hard as they can to keep a good government alive, and how long they can stand that no one knows. If I were in their place tonight, the place where millions are, I hope that I would have what I might say—I cannot give you the word to express the kind of fortitude they have; that is the word—I hope that I might have the fortitude to praise and honor my Government that had allowed me here in this land, where there is too much to eat and too much to wear, to starve in order that a handful of men can have so much more than they can ever eat or they can ever wear. Now, we have organized a society, and we call it "Share Our Wealth Society," a society with the motto "Every Man a King." Every man a king, so there would be no such thing as a man or woman who did not have the necessities of life, who would not be dependent upon the whims and caprices and ipsi dixit of the financial barons for a living. What do we propose by this society? We propose to limit the wealth of big men in the country. There is an average of $15,000 in wealth to every family in America. That is right here today. We do not propose to divide it up equally. We do not propose a division of wealth, but we propose to limit poverty that we will allow to be inflicted upon any man's family. We will not say we are going to try to guarantee any equality, or $15,000 to a family. No; but we do say that one third of the average is low enough for any one family to hold, that there should be a guarantee of a family wealth of around $5,000; enough for a home, an automobile, a radio, and the ordinary conveniences, and the opportunity to educate their children; a fair share of the income of this land thereafter to that family so there will be no such thing as merely the select to have those things, and so there will be no such thing as a family living in poverty and distress. We have to limit fortunes. Our present plan is that we will allow no one man to own more that $50,000,000. We think that with that limit we will be able to carry out the balance of the program. It may be necessary that we limit it to less than $50,000,000. It may be necessary, in working out of the plans that no man's fortune would be more than $10,000,000 or $15,000,000. But be that as it may, it will still be more than any one man, or any one man and his children and their children, will be able to spend in their lifetimes; and it is not necessary or reasonable to have wealth piled up beyond that point where we cannot prevent poverty among the masses. Another thing we propose is old-age pension of $30 a month for everyone that is 60 years old. Now, we do not give this pension to a man making $1,000 a year, and we do not give it to him if he has $10,000 in property, but outside of that we do. We will limit hours of work. There is not any necessity of having overproduction. I think all you have got to do, ladies and gentlemen, is just limit the hours of work to such an extent as people will work only so long as it is necessary to produce enough for all of the people to have what they need. Why, ladies and gentlemen, let us say that all of these labor-saving devices reduce hours down to where you do not have to work but 4 hours a day; that is enough for these people, and then praise be the name of the Lord, if it gets that good. Let it be good and not a curse, and then we will have 5 hours a day and 5 days a week-, or even less than that, and we might give a man a whole month off during a year, or give him 2 months; and we might do what other countries have seen fit to do, and what I did in Louisiana, by having schools by which adults could go back and learn the things that have been discovered since they went to school. We will not have any trouble taking care of the agricultural situation. All you have to do is balance your production with your consumption. You simply have to abandon a particular crop that you have too much of, and all you have to do is store the surplus for the next year, and the Government will take it over. When you have good crops in the area in which the crops that have been planted are sufficient for another year, put in your public works in the particular year when you do not need to raise any more, and by that means you get everybody employed. When the Government has enough of any particular crop to take care of all of the people, that will be all that is necessary; and in order to do all of this, our taxation is going to be to take the billion-dollar fortunes and strip them down to frying size, not to exceed $50,000,000, and if it is necessary to come to $10,000,000, we will come to $10,000,000. We have worked the proposition out to guarantee a limit upon property (and no man will own less than one-third the average), and guarantee a reduction of fortunes and a reduction of hours to spread wealth throughout this country. We would care for the old people above 60 and take them away from this thriving industry and give them a chance to enjoy the necessities and live in ease, and thereby lift from the market the labor which would probably create a surplus of commodities. Those are the things we propose to do. "Every Man a King." Every man to eat when there is something to eat; all to wear something when there is something to wear. That makes us all a sovereign. You cannot solve these things through these various and sundry alphabetical codes. You can have the N. R. A. and P. W. A. and C. W. A. and the U. U. G. and G. I. N. and any other kind of dad-gummed lettered code. You can wait until doomsday and see 25 more alphabets, but that is not going to solve this proposition. Why hide? Why quibble? You know what the trouble is. The man that says he does not know what the trouble is is just hiding his face to keep from seeing the sunlight. God told you what the trouble was. The philosophers told you what the trouble was; and when you have a country where one man owns more than 100,000 people, or a million people, and when you have a country where there are four men, as in America, that have got more control over things than all the 120,000,000 people together, you know what the trouble is. We had these great incomes in this country; but the farmer, who plowed from sunup to sundown, who labored here from sunup to sundown for 6 days a week, wound up at the end of the time with practically nothing. And we ought to take care of the veterans of the wars in this program. That is a small matter. Suppose it does cost a billion dollars a year—that means that the money will be scattered throughout this country. We ought to pay them a bonus. We can do it. We ought to take care of every single one of the sick and disabled veterans. I do not care whether a man got sick on the battlefield or did not; every man that wore the uniform of this country is entitled to be taken care of, and there is money enough to do it; and we need to spread the wealth of the country, which you did not do in what you call the N. R. A. If the N. R. A. has done any good, I can put it all in my eye without having it hurt. All I can see that the N. R. A. has done is to put the little man out of business—the little merchant in his store, the little Italian that is running a fruit stand, or the Greek shoe-shining stand, who has to take hold of a code of 275 pages and study it with a spirit level and compass and looking-glass; he has to hire a Philadelphia lawyer to tell him what is in the code; and by the time he learns what the code is, he is in jail or out of business; and they have got a chain code system that has already put him out of business. The N. R. A. is not worth anything, and I said so when they put it through. Now, my friends, we have got to hit the root with the ax. Centralized power in the hands of a few, with centralized credit in the hands of a few, is the trouble. Get together in your community tonight or tomorrow and organize one of our Share Our Wealth Societies. If you do not understand it, write me and let me send you the platform; let me give you the proof of it. This is Huey P. Long talking, United States Senator, Washington, D. C. Write me and let me send you the data on this proposition. Enroll with us. Let us make known to the people what we are going to do. I will send you a button, if I have got enough of them left. We have got a little button that some of our friends designed, with our message around the rim of the button, and in the center "Every Man a King." Many thousands of them are meeting through the United States, and every day we are getting hundreds and hundreds of letters. Share Our Wealth Societies are now being organized, and people have it within their power to relieve themselves from this terrible situation. Look at what the Mayo brothers announced this week, these greatest scientists of all the world today, who are entitled to have more money than all the Morgans and the Rockefellers, or anyone else, and yet the Mayos turn back their big fortunes to be used for treating the sick, and said they did not want to lay up fortunes in this earth, but wanted to turn them back where they would do some good; but the other big capitalists are not willing to do that, are not willing to do what these men, 10 times more worthy, have already done, and it is going to take a law to require them to do it. Organize your Share Our Wealth Society and get your people to meet with you, and make known your wishes to your Senators and Representatives in Congress. Now, my friends, I am going to stop. I thank you for this opportunity to talk to you. I am having to talk under the auspices and by the grace and permission of the National Broadcasting System tonight, and they are letting me talk free. If I had the money, and I wish I had the money, I would like to talk to you more often on this line, but I have not got it, and I cannot expect these people to give it to me free except on some rare instance. But, my friends, I hope to have the opportunity to talk with you, and I am writing to you, and I hope that you will get up and help in the work, because the resolutions and bills are before Congress, and we hope to have your help in getting together and organizing your Share Our Wealth Societies. Now, that I have but a minute left, I want to say that I suppose my family is listening in on the radio in New Orleans, and I will say to my wife and three children that I am entirely well and hope to be home before many more days, and I hope they have listened to my speech tonight, and I wish them and all of their neighbors and friends everything good that may be had. I thank you, my friends, for your kind attention, and I hope you will enroll with us, take care of your own work in the work of this Government, and share or help in our Share Our Wealth Societies. Huey Long or Huey Pierce Long Jr. byname "", was an American politician who served as the 40th governor of Louisiana fromand as a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his. He was a populist member of the Democratic Party and rose to national prominence during the Great Depression for his vocal criticism from the left of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal . As the political leader of Louisiana, he commanded wide networks of supporters and often took forceful action. A controversial figure, Long is celebrated as a populist champion of the poor or, conversely, denounced as a fascistic demagogue. Long was born in the poor north of Louisiana in 1893. After working as a traveling salesman and attending multiple colleges, Long entered the bar in Louisiana. Following a brief private legal career in which he represented poor plaintiffs against corporations, Long was elected to the Louisiana Public Service Commission. As Commissioner, Long often prosecuted large corporations. In particular, Long despised the Standard Oil Company: it later became a common target of his rhetorical attacks. After Long successfully argued before the U.S. Supreme Court, Chief Justice William Howard Taft praised him as "the most brilliant lawyer who ever practiced" before the court. After a failed 1924 campaign, Long used the sharp economic and class divisions in Louisiana to win the 1928 gubernatorial election. Once in office, Long filled government jobs with patronage appointments and passed legislation distributing free textbooks to students, previously a barrier for poor Louisianians seeking an education. Accused of abuses of power, he was impeached in 1929, but the proceedings collapsed in the Louisiana Senate. During Long's years in power, he greatly expanded social programs. He organized massive public works projects, including a modern highway system and the tallest state capitol building in the nation. To address low agricultural commodity prices due to overproduction, Long proposed a cotton holiday. Through political maneuvering, Long became the political boss of Louisiana. His opponents argued his policies and methods were unconstitutional and dictatorial. At its climax, political opposition organized a minor insurrection. Long successfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 1930, although he did not assume his seat until 1932. With an enthusiastic campaign, Long helped elect Hattie Caraway, the first woman to win a full term in the United States Senate. Long established himself as an isolationist, arguing that Standard Oil and Wall Street influenced American foreign policy. He was integral in securing Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1932 nomination and was a supporter through Roosevelt's first 100 days in office. Long split with Roosevelt in June 1933 and became a prominent critic of his New Deal. As an alternative, he proposed the Share Our Wealth program in 1934. To stimulate the economy, he advocated massive federal spending, a wealth tax, and wealth redistribution. These proposals drew wide support, with millions joining local Share Our Wealth clubs. Poised for a 1936 presidential bid, a lone assassin mortally wounded Long in 1935. Although Long's movement faded, Roosevelt adopted many of his proposals in the Second New Deal. In Louisiana, Long permanently altered the political landscape. Elections would be organized along anti- or pro-Long factions until the 1960s. He left behind a political dynasty, which included his wife, Senator Rose McConnell Long; his son, Senator Russell B. Long; and his brothers, Governor Earl Long and U.S. Representative George S. Long, among others. (August 30, 1893 – September 10, 1935). How many people can the current water supply in your area sustain? What determining factors could change the water supply in the future. What are the things that you have to do in order to maintain safe drinking water? How much time, people and resources would it take to supply water for all necessary needs without waste and abuse? How much time, people and resources would it take to clean our polluted water? Menus Information Stations should be available in every town, this way everyone can find needed services using menus like this one.Each person should learn everything there is to know about. How to manage water supplies and how to keep water clean and plentiful without waste. Dean Kamen SlingShot (youtube)Homes that use 41 gallons or less of hot water daily, tankless water heaters can be 24% to 34% more energy-efficient than storage tank heaters.How much fertile land is available to grow food? How many people could this land sustain? How much time, people and resources to feed yourself and others with the recommended daily nutritional requirements for optimum health? How much time, people and resources would it take to create more Local Farms Sustainably? Stove is an enclosed space in which fuel is burned to heat either the space in which the stove is situated, or items placed on the heated stove itself. There are many types of stoves such as the Kitchen Stove which is used to Cook Food , and the Wood-Burning Stove or a coal stove which is typically used for heating a dwelling. Due to concerns about air pollution, efforts have been made to improve the stove design over the years. Pellet stoves, for example, are a type of clean-burning stove, and air-tight stoves are another type that combust the wood more completely and therefore reduce the amount of the resulted combustion by-products. In the U.S. since 1992, all wood stoves being manufactured are required to limit particulate emission. Ovens G-Stove compact, efficient and upgradable. Earth Spark Passive Cooking is when you turn off the stove after 2 minutes of active cooking, then cover the pot with a lid and wait for the right cooking time. Sous vide oris a method of cooking in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath for longer than usual cooking times (usually one to seven hours, and up to 72 or more hours in some cases) at a precisely regulated temperature. The temperature is much lower than usually used for cooking, typically around 55 to 60 °C (130 to 140 °F) for red meat, 66 to 71 °C (150 to 160 °F) for poultry, and higher for vegetables. The intent is to cook the item evenly, ensuring that the inside is properly cooked without overcooking the outside, and to retain moisture. The boxes are virtual portable ovens that use wool's convection properties as a means of slow cooking. You put your ingredients in a normal pot and first place it on a stovetop. You let it come to a boil for maybe 10 or 20 minutes, depending on the ingredients. Then you place the hot pot inside the insulated box and the cooking process continues on its own, slowly over several hours. sealed lid ensures no steam escapes your cook while maintaining maximum heat retention. This means virtually no water loss to evaporation and even more precise temperatures during your sous vide cook. Survival Food Wonderbag is a simple but revolutionary,. It continues to cook food which has been brought to the boil by conventional methods for up to 8 hours without the use of additional electricity or fuel. Rocket Stove is an efficient and hot burning stove using small-diameter wood fuel. Fuel is burned in a simple combustion chamber containing an insulated vertical chimney, which ensures almost complete combustion prior to the flames' reaching the cooking surface. It uses the same principle as the Dakota fire pit. Rocket stove designs are most often used for portable stoves for cooking but the design is also used to make rocket mass heaters for heating. Like the beverage-can stove, it is made from found materials, but generally uses wood rather than alcohol. In field tests in India, rocket stoves used 18 to 35 per cent less fuel compared to the traditional stoves and reduced fuel used 39-47 per cent compared to the three-stone fire, as well as a large reduction in emissions. A precursor of the rocket stove was the Argand lamp. The idea has been commercialized as the Kelly Kettle and the InStove. Rocketstove How to Make a Tin Can Rocket Stove (youtube) - Solar Cooking - Rocket Stove Electricity Generating Wood Camp Stove (biolite)- Thermal-Electric Biobricks (biopellet) How to Make a Swedish Fire Torch (youtube) Cooking Skills (ovens, frying, preperation) Convection is the heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids, including molten rock (rheid). Convection takes place through advection diffusion or both. Boiling Point Infrared Heater is a body with a higher temperature which transfers energy to a body with a lower temperature through electromagnetic radiation . Depending on the temperature of the emitting body, the wavelength of the peak of the infrared radiation ranges from 780 nm to 1 mm. No contact or medium between the two bodies is needed for the energy transfer. Infrared heaters can be operated in vacuum or atmosphere. Induction Cooking heats a cooking vessel by magnetic induction, instead of by thermal conduction from a flame, or an electrical heating element. Because inductive heating directly heats the vessel, very rapid increases in temperature can be achieved. Induction Heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by Electromagnetic Induction , which is the production of an electromotive force (i.e., voltage) across an electrical conductor due to its dynamic interaction with a magnetic field, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents (also called Foucault currents). An induction heater consists of an electromagnet, and an electronic oscillator that passes a high-frequency alternating current (AC) through the electromagnet. The rapidly alternating magnetic field penetrates the object, generating electric currents inside the conductor called eddy currents. The eddy currents flowing through the resistance of the material heat it by Joule heating. In ferromagnetic (and ferrimagnetic ) materials like iron, heat may also be generated by magnetic hysteresis losses. The frequency of current used depends on the object size, material type, coupling (between the work coil and the object to be heated) and the penetration depth. Cinder Grill : Cook Perfect Food Big Boss Induction Cookware (amazon)We need to combine an Intelligent Pan with an intelligent Stove. ( Boil Alert Technology Paragon: Smart Cooking System Precisely control pan temperature or liquid temperature to make perfect dishes every time. Cast Iron Skillets Marquette Castings Skillets made by combining a superior casting process with an unparalleled seasoning process. Ovens New Invention: SMILE - Low-cost solar concentrator technology for the developing world (youtube). Wood-Burning Stove is a Heating Appliance capable of burning wood fuel and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as wood pellets. Generally the appliance consists of a solid metal (usually cast iron or steel) closed Fire chamber, a fire brick base and an adjustable air control. The stove is connected by ventilating stove pipes to a suitable chimney or flue, which will fill with hot combustion gases once the fuel is ignited. The chimney or flue gases must be hotter than the outside temperature to ensure combustion gases are drawn out of the fire chamber and up the chimney. (secondary combustion) Many wood-burning stoves are engineered such that they can be converted to multi-fuel stoves with the addition of a grate.Cooking with wood or coal is linked to increased risk of respiratory illness and death . About three billion people around the world live in households that regularly burn wood. Gas Stove Researchers tested three types of wood-burning stoves : Traditional stoves; natural-draft stoves; and forced-draft stoves, which use battery-powered fans to improve combustion. While traditional stoves emitted an average of 6 grams of PM per kilogram of fuel burned (g/kg), that number jumps to an average of 14 g/kg when you include the PM that the emissions form over time, due to chemical reactions that take place in the atmosphere.Wood Burning Stoves can also make Pyrolysis Oil , sometimes also known as biocrude or biooil, is a synthetic fuel under investigation as substitute for petroleum. It is extracted by biomass to liquid technology of destructive distillation from dried biomass in a reactor at temperature of about 500 °C with subsequent cooling. Pyrolytic oil (or bio-oil) is a kind of tar and normally contains too high levels of oxygen to be a hydrocarbon. As such it is distinctly different from similar petroleum products.Wood Stove can also make Syn Gas for cooking or Running Machines Tula 8190 Wood stove : TULA 8190 / Efficiency: 88% LHV / Heats up to: 1,200 sq ft / Firebox Capacity: 1.4 cu ft / Size: Up to 30,000 BTUs / EPA Certified: 2.6 gph / Efficiency: 88% LHV / Burn Time: Up to 6 hours / Maximum Log Length: 17" ( loaded vertically ). Kimberly Wood Stove is a highly efficient small wood stove, needing only 6 inches of clearance on sides, weighs just 56 pounds, cook top surface, optional accessories will generate electricity, bake, and heat water. Produces just 3.2 grams/hour emissions because of dual combustion and double walled stove pipe. Also takes air from outside. 3 inch exhaust pipe. Heating Efficiently: Rocket Mass Heater (youtube) - Rocket Mass Heater (wiki) Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. It is more properly restricted to the product of the gas-phase combustion process but is commonly extended to include the residual pyrolysed fuel particles such as coal, cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleum coke that may become airborne during pyrolysis and that are more properly identified as cokes or chars. Soot causes cancer and lung disease, and is theorized to be the second-biggest human cause of global warming Woodstove Thermometer (amazon)Open both front dampers completely before starting a fire. Place wood in the firebox and light the fire. Allow the fire to burn for between 10 to 30 minutes before adjusting the dampers. Close the front damper slowly and observe the smoke escaping from the chimney. Spacecraft Thermal Control System is to keep all the spacecraft's component systems w

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