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What are 2 ways earthquakes form?

Earthquakes are usually caused when underground rock suddenly breaks and there is rapid motion along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake.

mtu.edu - Why Do Earthquakes Happen? | UPSeis | Michigan Tech

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Most faults in the Earth’s crust don’t move for a long time. But in some cases, the rock on either side of a fault slowly deforms over time due to tectonic forces. Earthquakes are usually caused when underground rock suddenly breaks and there is rapid motion along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. During and after the earthquake, the plates or blocks of rock start moving—and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock first breaks is called the focus, or hypocenter of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (at the ground surface) is called the epicenter of the earthquake. Cutaway view of the reverse fault. The earthquake starts at the focus, with slip continuing along the fault. The earthquake is over when the fault stops moving. Seismic waves are generated throughout the earthquake.

Try this little experiment:

Break a block of foam rubber in half. Put the pieces on a smooth table. Put the rough edges of the foam rubber pieces together. While pushing the two pieces together lightly, push one piece away from you along the table top while pulling the other piece toward you. See how they stick? Keep pushing and pulling smoothly. Soon a little bit of foam rubber along the crack (the fault) will break and the two pieces will suddenly slip past each other. That sudden breaking of the foam rubber is the earthquake. That's what happens along a strike-slip fault. Seismic waves can also be caused by natural processes other than earthquakes and by human activities. Some are geological like the Menominee Crack. When magma moves toward the surface prior to volcanic eruptions, it produces seismic waves that can be used to forecast an eruption. Ocean and lake wave activity, mining operations, subway construction, and other underground explosions can cause seismic waves, too. Nuclear warhead explosions create seismic waves very much like large earthquakes—one of the reasons for the global nuclear test ban is that no nuclear warhead can be detonated on Earth without producing seismic waves.

How Are Earthquakes Studied?

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Can you feel a 1 earthquake?

A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly. A small earthquake far away will probably not be felt at all, but if you do feel it, it will be a subtle gentle shake or two that is easier to feel if you're still and sitting down.

usgs.gov - What does an earthquake feel like? | U.S. Geological Survey - USGS.gov

The way an earthquake feels depends on where you are, where the earthquake is, and how big the earthquake is: A large earthquake nearby will feel like a sudden large jolt followed quickly by more strong shaking that may last a few seconds or up to a couple of minutes if it's a rare great event. The shaking will feel violent and it will be difficult to stand up. The contents of your house will be a mess. A large earthquake far away will feel like a gentle bump followed several seconds later by stronger rolling shaking that may feel like sharp shaking for a little while. A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly. A small earthquake far away will probably not be felt at all, but if you do feel it, it will be a subtle gentle shake or two that is easier to feel if you're still and sitting down. The type of crustal material the seismic waves travel through on their way to you, and the type of shallow crustal structure that is directly below you will also influence the shaking you feel. Soft thick sediments will amplify the shaking and hard rock will not. If the energy happens to bounce around and get focused on where you are, that will also amplify the shaking. Low-level vibrations that last for more than a few seconds is not indicative of an earthquake, but is more likely a man-made environmental source.

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