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The diet of the earliest hominins was probably somewhat similar to the diet of modern chimpanzees: omnivorous, including large quantities of fruit, leaves, flowers, bark, insects and meat (e.g., Andrews & Martin 1991; Milton 1999; Watts 2008).
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Read More »McHenry, H. M. Body size and proportions in early hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropoogy 87, 407-431 (1992). McPherron, S. P. et al. Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia Nature 466, 857-860 (2010). Milton, K. A hypothesis to explain the role of meat-eating in human evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology 8, 11-21 (1999). Mitani, J. C. & Watts, D. P. Why do chimpanzees hunt and share meat? Animal Behavior 61, 915-924 (2001). Peters, C. R. & O'Brian, E. M. The early hominid plant-food niche: insights from an analysis of plant exploitation by Homo, Pan, and Papio in eastern and southern Africa. Current Anthropology 22, 127-140 (1981). Pickering, T. R. et al. Taphonomy of ungulate ribs and the consumption of meat and bone by 1.2-million-year-old hominins at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Archaeological Science 40, 1295-1309 (2013). Pobiner, B. Hominin-Carnivore Interactions: Evidence from Modern Carnivore Bone Modification and Early Pleistocene Archaeofaunas (Koobi Fora, Kenya; Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania). Ph.D. Dissertation, Rutgers University (2007). Pobiner, B. L. & Blumenschine, R. J. A taphonomic perspective on the Oldowan hominid encroachment on the carnivoran paleoguild. Journal of Taphonomy 1, 115-141 (2003). Pobiner, B. L. & Braun, D. R. Strengthening the inferential link between cutmark frequency data and Oldowan hominid behavior: Results from modern butchery experiments. Journal of Taphonomy 3, 107-119 (2005). Pobiner, B. L. et al.,New evidence for hominin carcass processing strategies at 1.5 Ma, Koobi Fora, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 55, 103-130. (2008). Potts, R. & Shipman, P. Cutmarks made by stone tools on bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 291, 577-580 (1981). Ragir, S. et al. Gut morphology and the avoidance of carrion among chimpanzees, baboons, and early hominids. Journal of Anthropological Research 56, 477-512 (2000). Selvaggio, M. M. Evidence from carnivore tooth marks and stone-tool-butchery marks for scavenging by hominids at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University (1994). Semaw et al. 2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 45, 169-177 (2003). Shipman, P. Scavenging or hunting in early hominids: theoretical framework and tests. American Anthropologist 88, 27-43 (1986). Speth, J. D. Early hominid hunting and scavenging: the role of meat as an energy source. Journal of Human Evolution 18, 329-343 (1989).
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