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What happens to money in bank during war?

During wars, such as World War II, banking goes on as usual with a few differences: Enemy assets and bank accounts are seized; meaning if the address on the account is located in an enemy country, then the government takes the money in the account.

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No more interest. 2-4% was normal, pegged down to .375% for the duration. In 1942, the Fed began intervening in Treasury auctions, keeping 90-day bills at 3/8%, with a ceiling for all debt on 2.5%. For domestic institutional investors during the war, this was all the fixed income there was to buy. There were no mortgages, no car loans, no consumer durable loans, no foreign investment. So, why're you going to keep your money in a bank-account? (And you had money? Great Depression just ended, and the stock market had just fleeced any middle-class who were investing). War bonds. Screw with the markets, to direct money where they wanted it to go. Half of all loans made by the Fed were for under $100k; which probably severely cut into banks' cut of the loan business. Mandate loan downpayments and durations by fiat. Fed money went from $100mil to $85bil in '43 and $91bil in '44. Bretton woods; gold and silver out of circulation (and copper: '43 steelies). Script and rationing. During the war, the US borrowed more than 100% of its gross domestic product and did not subsequently collapse. All of this is going to mess with your need for money, and what you can get with your money - nevermind shortages, rationing, etc.

Tax rate for over-$100k incomes: 94% then down to 91%.

The US raised taxes on capital from 44% to 60% during the second world war. Labour taxes doubled, from 9% to 18%. The US financed just over 40% of the war through direct taxes. That still left 60% of the war costs to be funded through debt and seignorage.

Inflation, wages, stock market shenanigans, etc - all in play.

Flush American occupying soldiers drove a lot of business in Germany, during and after '44. A number of post-war American businesses were funded by soldiers who did well in poker games during the war (ie: they aggregated other (over-paid?) soldier's pay to get capital). Soldiers were making $21/month (pre-war), and come home with thousands of dollars. eg: Smitty's (sold to Kroger).

SE doesn't like links from the likes of me:

www.federalreservehistory org/essays/feds-role-during-wwii

www.ft com/content/e4eec640-321e-3cfe-9b82-46bacfa4d6bc

www.bis org/about/history_2ww2.htm

leidenlawblog nl/articles/banker-to-the-resistance

fun tidbits: moneywise com/a/financial-facts-about-world-war-ii

Pre-war German bank failures propelled Nazi / anti-semitism: voxeu org/article/financial-crisis-and-right-wing-extremism-germany-1931-33

French stripped Jews (and mixed marriages to half-Jews) of financial assets: phdn org/archives/www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/France1.htm

Italian savings, not protected until '48 Constitution: www.bancaditalia it/chi-siamo/storia/seconda-guerra-mondiale/index.html

Italian law '26 after WWI devaluation, and gold standard (40% reserve) and massive changes after war started ('36); devaluation and cessation of gold standard: www.bancaditalia it/chi-siamo/storia/istituzione/index.html

Allegedly of interest: www.jstor org/stable/2950852

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How much cash should I have in my emergency kit?

Key Insights. An emergency fund can serve as your personal safety net during periods of financial stress. While you're working, we recommend you set aside at least $1,000 for emergencies to start and then build up to an amount that can cover three to six months of expenses.

The events over the last couple years certainly illustrate how life can throw you a curveball. At the same time, stock market volatility continues to be a concern for investors. These circumstances can throw a wrench into your current budget and make you anxious about the longevity of your retirement savings. For years, financial experts have stressed the importance of an emergency fund for such events during an individual’s working years. When you retire, however, those savings are more of a “cash cushion” to have alongside what you need to fund your daily living expenses. Whether you are currently working or in retirement, having cash on the side can serve as your personal safety net during periods of financial stress.

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