Photo: Efrem Efre

What is a knight's sword called?

arming sword "The arming sword (also sometimes called a knight's or knightly sword) is a type of European sword with a single-handed cruciform hilt and straight double-edged blade of around 70 cm - 80 cm, in common use from the 11th to 16th centuries." says Wikipedia.

tf.uni-kiel.de - Sword Types

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English Deutsch Short Description Akinaka Acinaces. Akinanka, etc. At best a short swrod or rather dagger. Used mainly in the first millennium BC in the eastern Mediterranean region, especially by the Medes,Scythians and Persians, then by the Greeks. Arming sword Ritterschwert, Kampfschwert Breitschwert The high-medieval knightly sword. Together with the long sword , we have the kind of sword that all and sundry in Europe associate with the general term "sword". Backsword Pallasch A backsword has a straight blade with one sharp edge only. Typically a relatively modern (17th - 19th century) European weapon. Billhook Hippe I have added the lowly billhook here even so nobody would count it among swords. Read the description and you see why. Broadsword Korbschwert Also known as "basket-hilted sword". Refers to a group of early modern sword types (popular the 17th and 18th century), characterized by a basket-shaped guard and a broad blade. Claymore Claymore The word is an English corruption of the Scottish "claidheamh-mòr", meaning "great sword". Scottish variant of the late medieval two-handed longsword , in use from the 15th - 17th century. In later years the word began to refer to the claidheamh cuil, the Scottish basket-hilted broadsword . Cutlass Entermesser Entersäbel

also

Hänger,

Messer A cutlass is a 17th century descendent of an single-edge short sword like the medieval falchion . Typically associated with pirates and sailors. Epée Degen Straight thin blade with e.g. triangular cross-section for thrusting only. Not a weapon of war but part of a dress code and for duelling. Executioners sword Richtschwert A broad, heavy and pointless sword used around the 17th century± in Europe. Falcata Falcata A really evil-looking single-edged sword with a heavy forward-curving, i.e. concave blade. Used by the Spanish against the Romans and later. A falcata is not just similar but more or less identical to the kopis , a sword used by the ancient Greeks around 500 BC. Falchion Malchus A falchion (from Latin: falx=sickle) has a one-handed, single-edged heavy and rather short blade, often getting broader towards the tip, not unlike a machete . The weapon combined the weight and power of an axe with the versatility of a sword. Falchions are found in different forms from around the 11th century up to and including the 16th century.

Don't mix up the falchion with the falcata . Fencing sword

Foil

Epée

Sabre Fechtschwert

Florett

Degen

Säbel The modern, well, swords for fencing as sport. The relation to everything else in this table is still recognizable but so is the relation to a toothpick. Firangi Firangi Indian kind of sword (typically long, relatively straight and often double edged) with a Western Europium blade. The word derived from the Arabic term for a Western European ("Frank") kind of sword. Brought to the East by the by the Portuguese, or made locally in imitation of European blades. Interesting because the Indian wootz swords were supposed to be far superior to Western swords: Why then the Firangi? Gladius Gladius Short standard-issue sword of the Roman army. Kept for centuries with little variation. Katana Katana Sometimes used as the generic word for "curved Japanese sword" in Japanese. More specific it denotes the bigger one of the two typical Samurai swords; the shorter one is the Wakizashi. The katana evolved in the 15th century from the longer "Tachi" (=long sword), which resembles the Chinese " Miao Dao ". Katzbalger Katzbalger A short Renaissance arming sword, notable for its sturdy build and a distinctive S-shaped or figure-8 shaped guard. Measuring 7075 cm lin length and weighing 12 kg, it was the signature blade of the Landsknecht (mercenary). The name refers either to the "balgen" (tussle, brawling) of "Katzen" (cats) as a metaphor for intense, close-quarter combat or to the soft cat-skin (Katzenbalg) scabbard used instead of a solid wooden one. Kilij Kilidsch A kilij (from Turkish kiliç, literally "sword") is a type of one-handed, single edged and moderately curved saber used by the Turks and others after the 15th century. It is similar to shamshir, saif and tulwar but less curved and a bit heavier. Khopesh Chepesch

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Sichelschwert The Egyptian "sickle sword", possible related to the (later) Greek kopis . Kopis Kopis 5th century BC or so Greek sword, identical to the falcata . Both were weapons but also tools for cutting underbrush etc. Kukri

Khukuri

Khukri Khukuri More a knife than a sword, with a heavy, inwardly curved edge, used as both a tool and a weapon in Nepal and neighboring countries of South Asia. Similar to a machete in that respect Long sword Langschwert The late medieval knightly sword. Together with the arming sword , we have the kind of sword that all and sundry in Europe associates with the general term "sword". Machete Machete The word means a small macho (=male, strong) and indicates that it might be more then just a large utility tool for cutting underbrush and vegetables A machete is a large, cleaver-like knife, similar to a kukri . Makheira Makhaira Greek sword type; possibly coming from the Persians and related to the kopis . Some think that it was used only as weapon while the kopis was also a tool. Messer Messer A "messer" is just the German word for knife. However, the term also designates a sword used in late middle age by all and sundry since they were simple and cheap. Typically single-edged, rather straight, and with a wide tang that only needed tow pieces of wood slapped on to the sides to produce a hilt (Miao) Dao

Changdao

Included here, like the katana , as a representative of many Chinese sword type that all look at lot like Japanese ones or vice versa. Migration period sword Alemanni

Vendel

Merovian

Schwert Migration period swords were popular during the migration period (4th - 7th century), particularly among the Germanic people. There is just no German name for this kind. These swords are usually pattern welded; take it from there. Nihonto Nihonto Nihonto just means "Japanese sword" of the single-edge curved variety, i.e most swords made after, say, 1.000 AD. There are all kinds like the early and long tachi , the later and somewhat shorter katana and its companion, the short wakizashi , and so on. Nimcha Nimcha North African sword (especially Morocco), sabre / scimitar type, defined only by its very distinctive hilt Pulwar Pulwa A pulwar is an Afghan version of the Indo-Pakistani tulwar , with a tendency to more elaborately fullered blades than those of the tulwar and a rather different hilt. Rapier Rapier Stoßdegen A rapier is a slender, sharply pointed sword, best suited for thrusting attacks, and mainly used in early modern Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. Sabre Saber Säbel Relatively light sword with a curved, single-edged blade and often a rather large hand guard. A kind of generic name for most of the curved "Western" swords, just as scimitar addresses most curved Eastern swords. Samshir Samshir The Persian version of the scimitar ; possibly a bit more curved then the kilij , its close relative, and rather like a tulwar but with a different kind of hilt. Pretty much always made from wootz steel; better ones sport complex patterns.. (Sarass ???) Sarass The Hungarian / Croation version of the kilij in the 17th century; ancestor of the sabre. Saif Saif The arabic word for "sword"; possibly with roots in the Greek Xiphos . Another and not particularly well-defined member of the scimitar family. Scimitar Scimitar

Krummschwert

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Krummsäbel The term "scimitar" sounds rather oriental but is European, possibly a corruption if the Persian shamshir . It is a general term for all curved "oriental" swords.. Seax

(Sax, Seaxe,

Scramaseax,

Scramsax) Sax

Scramasax The word in most languages meant "knife". Nowadays the term is used for the straight single-edged blade that was the kind of cheaper and smaller companion of the spathae and migrations period swords that had to do the dirty work. A backsword is a sax, up to a point. Smallsword Court sword Offiziersdegen, Uniformsdegen, Galadegen, Paradedegen, Galanteriedegen The German terms tell it all: the smallsword is part of your outfit, sort of what one nowadays would call "sword wear". Popular during the 17th and late 18th century, a kind of shrunken version of the rapier and the predecessor of the epée (German "Degen), the duelling sword . Small swords were also used as status symbols and fashion accessories. For most of the 18th century anyone, civilian or military, with pretensions to gentlemanly status would have worn a small sword on a daily basis. Spatha Spatha The Roman / Latin word for sword (loaned from the Greek). Always straight, long and double edged but without pronounced crossguard. More generally the word for all swords in what once belonged to or was close to the Roman empire up to about 800 AD. The fancy pattern welded swords dug out of Danish bogs are spathae. Modern terms for "sword" in many languages go back to the spatha, like the span. espada; ital. spada, or fr. épée. Tulwar Talwar Talwar The Indian version of the samshir or kilij , coming in many variations and often with a wootz blade and / or distinctive hilt. Two-hand sword Zweihandschwerter Only used with two hands, correspondingly long and heavy. In contrast, "bastard" swords are for mostly two-handed use but with a one-hand optin; while hand-and-a-half swords were for one-hand use with a two-hand option. Viking sword Wikingerschwert Not a sword made by Vikings but the sword popular during the Viking age ( 800 - 1050) and mostly made omewhere along the Rhine in central Europe. A straight, double-edged sword that evolved from the spatha . It is somewhat heavier and longer than a spatha, spans the range from pattern welded to laminated all-steel blades, has a more pronounced cross guard and pommel, and sometimes sports inscriptions like "VLFBERHT". Wakizashi Wakizashi The small brother of the katana Yatagan Yatagan A unique sword type, one-handed, with a concave (or recurved) blade), a unique hilt and no cross guard. Popular in the Osmanic empire from around 1500 - 1900, peaking in the 19th century. Xiphos Xiphos The straight double-edged ancient Greek sword, leaf-shaped and quite similar to bronze swords and early Celtic ("Hallstatt") swords.

tf.uni-kiel.de - Sword Types

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