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What not to do if someone is in shock?

Don't let the person eat or drink anything. If you suspect that the person is having an allergic reaction, and you have access to an epinephrine autoinjector, use it according to its instructions. If the person is bleeding, hold pressure over the bleeding area, using a towel or sheet.

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Shock is a critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body. Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. When a person is in shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen. If untreated, this can lead to permanent organ damage or even death.

Signs and symptoms of shock vary depending on circumstances and may include:

Cool, clammy skin

Pale or ashen skin

Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of dark complexions)

Rapid pulse

Rapid breathing

Nausea or vomiting

Enlarged pupils

Weakness or fatigue

Dizziness or fainting

Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation

Seek emergency medical care

If you suspect a person is in shock, call 911 or your local emergency number. Then immediately take the following steps: Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain or further injury.

Keep the person still and don't move him or her unless necessary.

Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as not breathing, coughing or moving. Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a blanket to prevent chilling.

Don't let the person eat or drink anything.

If you suspect that the person is having an allergic reaction, and you have access to an epinephrine autoinjector, use it according to its instructions. If the person is bleeding, hold pressure over the bleeding area, using a towel or sheet. If the person vomits or begins bleeding from the mouth, and no spinal injury is suspected, turn him or her onto a side to prevent choking. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Review/update the information highlighted below and resubmit the form. From Mayo Clinic to your inbox Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Email ErrorEmail field is required ErrorInclude a valid email address Learn more about Mayo Clinic’s use of data. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could include protected health information. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Subscribe! Thank you for subscribing! You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry

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What are the links of survival?

The original four links of the chain of survival comprised: (1) early access—to activate the emergency medical services (EMS); (2) early basic life support (BLS) to slow the rate of deterioration of the brain and heart, and buy time to enable defibrillation; (3) early defibrillation—to restore a perfusing rhythm; (4) ...

resuscitationjournal.com - The chain of survival - Resuscitation

1 Cummins R.O.

Ornato J.P.

Thies W.H.

Pepe P.E. Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the “chain of survival” concept. A statement for health professionals from the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Subcommittee and the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, American Heart Association. Survival from cardiac arrest depends on a sequence of interventions. The chain of survival concept emphasises that all these time-sensitive interventions must be optimised to maximise the chance of survival—a chain is only as strong as its weakest link.The original four links of the chain of survival comprised: (1) early access—to activate the emergency medical services (EMS); (2) early basic life support (BLS) to slow the rate of deterioration of the brain and heart, and buy time to enable defibrillation; (3) early defibrillation—to restore a perfusing rhythm; (4) early advanced life support (ALS)—to stabilise the patient. This chain is a prominent symbol of resuscitation services in many parts of the world. Designs depicting the chain of survival have been updated frequently, but until recently the message conveyed in each link has remained unchanged.

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