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A language once forbidden became a weapon that was quick, accurate, and never deciphered. Most important, it saved many American lives. Fewer than five code talkers remain. They have been honored by the United States and the Navajo Nation with medals and a National Navajo Code Talker Day on August 14.
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Read More »They came, ironically, from government and parochial schools that forbade them to speak their mother tongue and where they were expected to become Americanized through severe forms of assimilation and punishment meant to erase Indigenous identity and languages. Eradicating Native languages has resulted in the systematic loss of Indigenous languages throughout the United States since colonization began. Navajo code talker Keith Little said about the schools, “They had the real strong disciplinary rule that we don’t talk our native language, . . . to be converted to Christianity, and to take us away from our cultural religions and our beliefs.” Astonished that they were now asked to develop the Navajo language to aid the war effort, the Navajo soldiers created the code in only a few months. Because the Japanese had broken all the codes sent over the radio waves, the Marines were desperate to find a secure way to communicate vital information with precious little time. After several successful tests, the Navajo language was approved as a communication code. The code contained approximately 450 words, spelled phonetically and memorized. Their code book used one to three Navajo words for each alphabet letter, which consisted of animal names and short words used to spell vital information about the locations of the Japanese military and U.S. soldiers, to say where to position artillery, and to relay wartime communication. In cases where no names for artillery existed in the Navajo language, they created shortcut words based on the behavior of animals. Thousands of messages transmitted intelligence in Navajo and were translated into English throughout many of the islands in the South Pacific, where the Navajo code talkers served exclusively (soldiers from 14 other Native nations served as code talkers during the war in Europe and the Pacific). Major Howard Connor, the fifth Marines division signal officer remarked, “Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.” They returned home without fanfare to continued poverty, lack of economic opportunity, and nonexistent voting rights yet persevered and overcame obstacles that helped change the Navajo Nation and their communities. Approximately 461 Navajo Marines served as code talkers, with 13 killed in action. Upon their discharge, the code talkers swore to never reveal their role in case the code would be needed again. My family and the descendants knew nothing of the unique service the code talkers gave until 1968, when the code was declassified, and the public learned of what my father and the code talkers accomplished through their bravery, resilience, and ingenuity. A language once forbidden became a weapon that was quick, accurate, and never deciphered. Most important, it saved many American lives. Fewer than five code talkers remain. They have been honored by the United States and the Navajo Nation with medals and a National Navajo Code Talker Day on August 14.
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Read More »The AK-12 assault rifle developed by Kalashnikov, the general issue weapon of the Russian armed forces, has a caliber of 5.45 millimetres (mm) and an improved accuracy over its earlier versions, among others.
[1/2] A board with the logo of Russian arms manufacturer Kalashnikov is on display in an office in Moscow, Russia February 8, 2021. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov Sept 21 (Reuters) - Russia has modified the Kalashnikov AK-12 weapon its forces use in Ukraine to speed up firing and give soldiers more control over firing modes, RIA state news agency reported early on Wednesday, citing the weapon maker's president. The AK-12 version, which entered service in 2018, will have its two-round burst cut-off disabled and will have a two-way control of firing modes, as well as an adjustable cheek rest, Kalashnikov Concern's President Alan Lushnikov told RIA. "In the shortest possible time, we selected technical solutions, made a prototype and demonstrated it to representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense," Lushnikov said. He did not say when the modernised weapon will enter service, saying only that it is in the design documentation stage. The AK-12 assault rifle developed by Kalashnikov, the general issue weapon of the Russian armed forces, has a caliber of 5.45 millimetres (mm) and an improved accuracy over its earlier versions, among others. The Kalashnikov arms maker was sanctioned by the United States in 2014, the year Russia invaded and annexed the Ukrainian peninsula of Crimea. The EU and UK levelled their own sanctions against Kalashnikov Concern this year. Russian President Vladimir Putin calls the invasion a "special operation" to demilitarise its neighbour, while Kyiv accuses Moscow of an imperial-style land grab to retake a pro-Western neighbour that shook off Russian domination when the Soviet Union broke up in 1991. read more
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