What was the longest earthquake?

A devastating earthquake in Indonesia in 1861 was the crescendo of a 32-year-long clash between the tectonic plates below the island. It is the longest such 'slow slip event' ever recorded, and it left its mark in the bodies of the long-lived corals that inhabit the seas above.

nature.com - Daily briefing: The longest-known earthquake lasted 32 years - Nature

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A 32-year-long undersea quake was recorded in coral. Plus, Thailand’s pioneer of mRNA COVID vaccines and what the science says about lifting mask mandates. Coral microatolls, such as this one, cannot grow when exposed to air, so their fossilized bodies record elevation changes that push them up out of the water.Aron Meltzner/Earth Observatory of Singapore A devastating earthquake in Indonesia in 1861 was the crescendo of a 32-year-long clash between the tectonic plates below the island. It is the longest such ‘slow slip event’ ever recorded, and it left its mark in the bodies of the long-lived corals that inhabit the seas above. Researchers analysed growth patterns in corals on Simeulue Island, which were periodically exposed to the air as the land rose up and down. The corals record decades of vertical movement at the fault, from 1738 to the moment they died when thrust up by the 1861 quake. The findings will help seismologists to better understand some of the most dangerous quakes on Earth: the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that killed more than 220,000 people were preceded by a slow slip.

Scientific American | 4 min read

Go deeper with geoscientist Daniel Melnick in the Nature Geoscience News & Views article.

Reference: Nature Geoscience paper

120—150 years

The maximum lifespan for humans, according to an analysis of blood cell counts and physical activity among ageing people. (Scientific American | 6 min read)

Reference: Nature Communications paper

Features & opinion

Two books offer complementary insights into how artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping society. In The Alignment Problem, writer Brian Christian gives an intimate view of the people making AI technology — their aims, expectations, hopes, challenges and desolations. In Atlas of AI, scholar Kate Crawford deals with how, practically, AI gets into and plays out in our lives. “Meticulously researched and superbly written, these books… show that the responsible — ethical, legal and beneficial — development and use of AI is not about technology,” writes reviewer Virginia Dignum. “It is about us.”

Nature | 6 min read

Even laboratory-grown meat is made from cows — or from one cow, at least. Researchers must start with conventional meat cells, which someday might serve as the seed for huge bioreactors churning out more environmentally sound, ethical flesh. This means scientists must get their hands on reliable cell lines to study — but in the secretive world of cultured meat, no one wants to share. “There’s basically nowhere to start yet. If anyone wants to get into this field, it takes a significant amount of resources and time to acquire and characterize a cell line in-house,” says cultivated-meat researcher Elliot Swartz.

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What country has the most volcanoes?

Which countries have the most volcanoes? Country Holocene Volcanoes Active since 1950 CE 1. United States 162 42 2. Japan 122 44 3. Indonesia 121 58 4. Russia 117 33 16 more rows

volcano.si.edu - Which countries have the most volcanoes? - Global Volcanism Program

Which countries have the most volcanoes?

This list shows the 20 countries with the most volcanoes that have erupted during the last 12,000 years, though Holocene volcanoes can be found in 78 different countries (plus Antarctica). Totals include various categories of overseas territories, not simply "mainland" locations. Volcanoes that are along a national boundary or are otherwise claimed by more than one country are included in the count for each. Although GVP tries to be consistent with data from official national agencies, there may be some minor differences due to varying criteria or other reasons. All data are current as of 19 December 2022. There is also a full list of countries with Holocene volcanoes.

Country Holocene

Volcanoes Active since

1800 CE Active since

1950 CE Currently Erupting (19 December 2022) 1. United States 162 63 42 Ahyi, Great Sitkin 2. Japan 122 62 44 Aira, Suwanosejima 3. Indonesia 120 74 58 Kerinci, Krakatau, Merapi, Karangetang, Semeru, Ibu, Dukono 4. Russia 117 49 33 Klyuchevskoy, Alaid, Ebeko, Sheveluch 5. Chile 91 34 19 Lascar, Villarrica 6. Ethiopia 53 10 5 Erta Ale 7. Papua New Guinea 46 20 15 Kadovar, Langila, Manam, Bagana 8. Philippines 38 15 7 9. Mexico 37 9 7 Popocatepetl 10. Argentina 35 6 3 11. Iceland 35 14 9 12. Ecuador 35 17 11 Cotopaxi, Sangay, Reventador 13. Canada 24 1 0 14. New Zealand 24 9 8 15. Guatemala 23 7 5 Fuego, Santa Maria 16. Tonga 21 15 11 Tofua 17. Kenya 21 5 0 18. El Salvador 20 5 3 19. Antarctica 19 5 2 Erebus 20. France 18 10 8

List of Questions

Global Volcanism Program, 2022. [Database] Volcanoes of the World (v. 5.0.1; 19 Dec 2022). Distributed by Smithsonian Institution, compiled by Venzke, E. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW5-2022.5.0

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