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The combined total of Nato military personnel currently exceeds 5.4 million – around four times as many as Russia, according to Statista. It has about five times as many aircraft, four times as many armoured vehicles and three times as many military ships.
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Read More »When Russian troops crossed into Ukraine and illegally annexed Crimea in 2014, Nato was caught flat-footed by Moscow’s sudden and unorthodox military campaign. As Vladimir Putin’s troops laid siege to cities across Ukraine this year, the Western military alliance scrambled to avoid a repeat performance. Nato member states have plied Kyiv with “lethal aid”, as well as hitting Russia with the most punishing economic sanctions ever imposed on a major economy. A missile strike in Poland last week highlighted the ease in which the conflict could spill over into Nato territory - and drew fresh attention to how the alliance’s capabilities might stand up against Russia. The latest The missile that killed two people in Poland near the Ukraine border on 15 November was likely to have been fired by Kyiv’s anti-missile defence units, said Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg. Despite initial fears of an escalation by Putin, he confirmed there was “no indication that Russia is preparing offensive military actions against Nato”. However, Stoltenberg added: “This is not Ukraine’s fault. Russia bears responsibility for what happened in Poland yesterday because this is a direct result of the ongoing war, and the wave of attacks from Russia against Ukraine yesterday.” The incident shone a light on divisions within the alliance, with Baltic states “quick to call on the collective defence of Nato”, said the BBC’s diplomatic editor James Landale. Latvia's defence minister, Artis Pabriks, said Nato could provide more air defences for Poland and “part of the territory of Ukraine”, while Kaja Kallas, Estonia's prime minister, said the West should give Ukraine more military, humanitarian and financial support. In contrast, “the initial response from the United States and other Western countries was to call for calm and wait for the facts to emerge”, said the BBC’s Landale. While “consultations under Article 4 of the military alliance’s treaty can be invoked when the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the members is threatened, this has not been demanded thus far”, reported the Financial Times. Skip advert “Allies agree on the approach. There has been no call for an Article 4 meeting. That is based on the findings, based on the analysis, and based on the results so far of the ongoing investigation,” Stoltenberg said. Nato’s capability The core principle of Nato’s international military alliance is a system of collective defence, meaning if any member state is attacked by a third party, every member state must step in to defend it. Fortunately for countries such as Montenegro, which spent around $77m on defence last year, there are some military big hitters in the alliance. A Nato pledge asks members to spend 2% of gross domestic product on defence. And though not all members reach this target, Stoltenberg has said it is “increasingly considered a floor, not a ceiling”. The US spends more on defence than the next nine big spenders in the world combined. Its total in 2021 was estimated to be $801bn, according to Statista. In second place was China with estimated spending of $293bn, India on $76.6bn, the UK on $68.4bn and then Russia on $65.9bn. As well as being the biggest defence spender in the world, the US has a powerful arsenal and a huge amount of manpower – with 1.39 million active troops, beaten only by India and China. Nato data published in June showed that “while Nato defence expenditures are higher now than they were in 2014 (in total and as a share of GDP), the 2%-goal set by Nato in 2006 is still not reached in a slew of countries”, said Forbes. The combined total of Nato military personnel currently exceeds 5.4 million – around four times as many as Russia, according to Statista. It has about five times as many aircraft, four times as many armoured vehicles and three times as many military ships. Nato and Russia have a similar number of nuclear warheads, both more than 6,000. Russia’s capability Despite Russian forces’ well-publicised struggles in Ukraine, their overall military capability is considerable. But Russia’s armed forces are lacking in some areas of modern military technology, including drone capability, electronic components, and radar and satellite reconnaissance, Russian journalist and military analyst Pavel Felgenhauer told DW. Skip advert “That’s what the Russian military is talking about: yes, we have weapons, including long-range weapons, but our reconnaissance capabilities are weaker than our attack capabilities,” Felgenhauer said. “So we have long-range, sometimes precision-guided weapons, but we don’t always know where the target is.” Russia’s defence budget for 2022 was set at around £54bn, 2.6% of GDP. But according to Reuters, the Kremlin’s defence spending “was up nearly 40% in the first four months of the year”, amid the push to conquer Ukraine. Nato vs. Russia Research published in 2019 by the Royal United Services Institute (Rusi) found that, assuming annihilation in a nuclear conflict was avoided, British forces would be “comprehensively outgunned” in a conflict with Russia in eastern Europe.
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